2.實義動詞
(1)實義動詞的分類
實義動詞也叫行為動詞,即表示動作的動詞,能獨立作謂語。實義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞之分。及物動詞是指后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞;不及物動詞指
后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞。
We have friends all over the world. 我們的朋友遍天下。
George’s father lives there. 喬治的爸爸住在那兒。
提示:英語動詞中有很多既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞,如close,begin,study,leave,work等。 |
(3) 實義動詞的基本形式
有動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。
3.系動詞
(1)系動詞的定義
.系動詞亦稱連系動詞,不能單獨做謂語,后面必須跟表語。
(2)系動詞的功能
系動詞的主要功能是把表語(名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、從句)和其主語聯(lián)系在一起,以說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它和其后的表語一起構成句子的謂語。
(3)常見系動詞
My father is a policeman.
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
He looked angry/sad/happy.
The apples taste very good.
提示:有部分系動詞也可以作為實義動詞來使用。 He looked sad at the news. (“看起來”,系動詞用法) He kooked sadiy at the boy. (“看著”,實義動詞用法) |
4.助動詞
(1)助動詞的定義
助動詞是語法功能詞,本身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用。
He doesn’t like English.
(2) 助動詞的功能
1表示時態(tài) He is singing. He doesn’t go to school on Saturday.
2構成疑問句
Do you like college life? Did you study English before you came here?
3與否定副詞not 連用構成否定句
I don’t like playing computer games. They are not watching TV now.
(3)目前學過的助動詞有:be(am/is/are),do(does/did)
1“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”構成現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)。
They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important.
2do/does/did構成一般疑問句、否定句、否定祈使句。
Do you want to pass the English exam?
He doesn’t like to study. Don’t be late for school.
提示:do 也可以作實義動詞,表示“做”。變否定句時必須借助don’t/doesn’t/didn’t He does homework every day. He doesn’t watch TV on school days. |
6. 情態(tài)動詞
(1) 情態(tài)動詞的定義及功能
情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與普通動詞一起使用,給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩,表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法,認為其可能、應該或必要等得一類詞。情態(tài)動詞一般本身無人稱和數(shù)的變化,其后面的實義動詞要用動詞原形。
She can swim fast, but I can’t. You must stay here until I come back.
(2) 常見情態(tài)動詞的用法
1 can表示能力,意為“會,能”。表示客觀可能性或推測時,用于否定句和疑問句;She can sing English songs.
It can’t (不可能)be Jim.I saw him at school just now.
Can /May(可以) I borrow your bike?
2 may 表示許可,用于陳述句;表示正式的請求或許可,用于一般疑問句;卮餸ay 提出的問題,肯定形式為:Yes,please./ Yes, please do./Yes,certainly./Yes,you may. 否定形式為:No,you mustn’t./No, you can’t./Please don’t.
You may go out to ply now.
----May I smoke here?
----Yes,you may./No you mustn’t.
3must指客觀可能性或猜測時,意為“一定”;表示“應當,必須”時 ,其否定形式為mustn’t 意為“禁止,不允許,千萬別”;卮鹩蒻ust構成的一般疑問句,肯定形式為: Yes ,主語+must ;否定形式為:No,主語 +needn’t/don’t have to。
It must (肯定)be Nancy’s book.Her name is on the cover.
You mustn’t (千萬別) play football in the street.
------Must I hand in my homework tomorrow?
------Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
4should 表示“應該,應當”,shouldn’t表示“不應該”。
You should tell your mother the truth.
You shouldn’t make the same mistake.
例題引路
一、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1.My father always (help)my mother with housework.
2.The ships (not be)in the river now;they (be)there a moment ago.
3.Our family (have)a new computer last month.
4.I can (do )it better than you .
二、模仿例詞寫出所給動詞的相應形式。
例詞:do does doing did
1. write _______ _______ _______ _______
2.carry _______ _______ _______ _______