2019年教師資格證《初中英語》專項突破：閱讀理解_第5頁

五、細節(jié)理解題

　　此類題型是對文章中某句話、某段或者某一細節(jié)進行提問。

　　常見問法：

　　According to the text, it is important because …

　　Which of the following is the result of …

　　Which of the following is not the sb’s statement?

　　Which of the following is true?

　　事實細節(jié)的考查內容和形式可以說是五花八門，但是大致可以歸納為以下三種類型：

　　(1) According 型

　　題干中多用 who，what, where, which, when, why, how 等疑問詞引導，利用詞性、同義詞、

　　近義詞或一些意思相似的語句去考查考生對原文表達細節(jié)信息的詞匯、慣用法的正確理解，要

　　求考生在文中尋找重要事實與細節(jié)。

　　考生可以利用題目的關鍵詞去尋找文中對應詞，在對應詞周圍找答案。

　　(2) 隱含的事實和細節(jié)型

　　測試考生對文章展示的細節(jié)的綜合概括能力。

　　考生需要在讀懂全文的基礎上，綜合概括作者展示的各種細節(jié)。

　　(3) 正誤判斷題

　　這類問題考察學生對細節(jié)的迅速定位和辨別判斷能力。

　　考生首先要讀懂問題題干與選項，然后回歸原文進行查讀，一一甄別，對號入座。應該注

　　意的是正確選項很少有原文的直接截取，通常為同義替換。如果感覺兩個選項都對，則以文章

　　的主旨為判斷主要依據。

　　細節(jié)題的解題方法：

　　1.明確題意，順藤摸瓜;

　　2.準確定位，找到與題干最匹配的原文語言重現(xiàn);

　　3.找準關鍵詞，明白其暗含的意思;

　　4.多讀文章，正確使用排除法。

　　【現(xiàn)場訓練】

　　Passage 1

　　The new study took place in Dares Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The

　　pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained

　　several times more iron and foliate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant

　　women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the

　　foods in their diet.

　　A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT ________.

　　A. all vitamins in the B group

　　B. vitamins C and E

　　C. much iron and foliate

　　D. antiviral substances

　　【解析】答案為 D。準確定位，原文重現(xiàn)：

　　The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also

　　A&B

　　contained several times more iron and foliate than the levels advised for women in developed nations.

　　C

　　Passage 2

　　Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of

　　31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58

　　months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and

　　used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.

　　Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to the paragraph ?

　　A. Males often compete with females in fishing for termites.

　　B. Males could get out more termites with every dip.

　　C. Females could get out more termites with every dip.

　　D. Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.

　　【解析】直接定位原文：Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every

　　dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.

　　第二節(jié)

　　技巧點撥篇

　　一、閱讀解題步驟：“三步走”

　　1. 通讀全文，抓住中心：首段原則，首末段原則(第一段非常重要)

　　思考：(1) 文章論述的主要內容是什么?

　　(2) 作者的態(tài)度有沒有?

　　(3) 有沒有一些核心的概念?

　　2. 仔細審題，回歸原文：搜索題干中的關鍵詞，如時間地點人物概念，根據關鍵詞定位到

　　原文中，找出原文中對應的地方。

　　3. 仔細推敲，得出答案：仔細閱讀涉及到該題目內容的句子或者段落，仔細推敲，聯(lián)系問

　　題中的選項，運用技巧，選擇符合題意且最接近文章內容的選項。

　　【現(xiàn)場訓練】

　　Every year hundreds of thousands of visitors to New York City go to see the United Nations

　　Headquarters in midtown Manhattan. The 18-acre site includes four buildings – the Secretariat, the

　　General Assembly, the Conference building, and the Dag Hammarskjold Library. The United Nations

　　(UN) currently has 192 members, and the flags of those nations line the plaza in front of the General

　　Assembly Hall and Secretariat. The row of flags, displayed in English alphabetical order, from

　　Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, stretches from 48th Street to 42nd Street.

　　The decision to locate United Nations Headquarters in the United States was made in 1946 by the

　　UN General Assembly, then meeting in London. Several U.S. locations were considered, but a

　　donation of 8.5 million dollars from philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. secured the purchase of

　　land at the present site. And the City of New York provided a gift of additional land. The UN complex

　　was designed by an international team of prominent architects. American Wallace K. Harrison was

　　named chief architect, and ten other countries each nominated an architect to the Board of Design

　　Consultants. The 11 architects began the project in early 1947. The U.S. government provided an

　　interest-free loan to the United Nations for the cost of construction, which began in 1949.

　　The Secretariat Building, which houses the UN administrative offices, was completed in 1950,

　　and United Nations Headquarters officially opened in 1951. The Library was dedicated in 1961. Over

　　the years, changes have been made inside the buildings to accommodate the expanded membership of

　　the United Nations. Today the General Assembly Hall, the largest conference room, seats more than

　　1,800 people.

　　The UN Headquarters site is international territory owned by the member nations. It has its own

　　security force, fire department, and postal service. The postal service issues stamps that can only be

　　mailed from the Headquarters; tourists often mail postcards bearing these stamps.

　　Taking a guided tour is the only way for visitors to see the inside of the UN Headquarters. Tours

　　are led by professional guides representing all the member nations and are conducted in many

　　different languages. Visitors taking a tour see exhibits, various council chambers, and the GeneralAssembly Hall. If their timing is good, they might even see a council meeting in session.

　　The United Nations Headquarters displays many beautiful and meaningful works of art created

　　specially for its halls and chambers. Sculptures and statues donated by member nations adorn the

　　grounds of the complex. One sculpture, the Japanese Peace Bell, was made from the metal of coins

　　collected from 60 different countries. Japan presented the bell to the United Nations in 1954, and it is

　　rung every year on September 21, the International Day of Peace.

　　The Peace Bell and other sculptures, as well as paintings and murals inside the buildings, create

　　an impression of grandeur and dignity, reflecting the importance of the work being done at the United

　　Nations.

　　1. If you want to see the flag of the People’s Republic of China in front of the UN headquarters, you

　　would most probably find it ________.

　　A. near the 48th street

　　B. near the 42nd street

　　C. in the middle between 48th and 42nd streets

　　D. in the third position from the flag of Afghanistan

　　2. The UN was most likely formed ________.

　　A. before 1946 B. after 1946

　　C. in 1950 D. in 1947

　　3. As a response to the increase in the UN membership, ________ to meet the needs over the years.

　　A. more buildings have been built

　　B. internal changes have been made

　　C. old buildings have been enlarged

　　D. more new land has been purchased

　　4. Which of the following statements about the tour guide is true?

　　A. A tour guide may show his pride of his home country before visitors.

　　B. Each member country sends its tour guide to work in the UN Headquarters.

　　C. Each tour guide must be able to speak the languages of the member countries.

　　D. A tour guide should not just feel proud of his own home country before visitors.

　　5. This article is most likely written for ________.

　　A. general newspapers

　　B. magazines on architectural art

　　C. books on the international affairs

　　D. encyclopedic information brochure for students