16

　　在一個極為漫長.的歷史階段中，人類只能通過音樂表演和口授來傳播音樂。當(dāng)人類發(fā)明了樂譜后，音樂便開始脫離表演而演變成“文字”得以記錄和傳播。然而，人類音樂傳播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者無疑是科學(xué)家們。他們創(chuàng)造了令人嘆為觀止的音樂傳播手段，從最早的機(jī)械“留聲機(jī)”到今天五花八門的“電子媒體”。在20世紀(jì)諸多的音樂傳播手段中，無線電廣播的發(fā)明和發(fā)展對音樂的傳播起了極為重要的作用。然而，高科技的高速發(fā)展也使我國廣播音樂工作者在新世紀(jì)中面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　【參考譯文】

　　For a very long period of historical development, mankind could only pass on music though performance and oral instruction. When mankind invented musical scores, music started to break away from the boundaries of being merely a performing art, and develop into a system of “written symbols” that can be recorded and spread. Undoubtedly, however, it was the scientists who should be crowned as the founders of the real revolutionary milestone of human musical communication. Scientists invented marvelous means of music transmission, beginning from the earliest mechanical “record turntable” to today’s many kinds of “electronic media”. Among the numerous means of music transmission of the 20 century, the creation and development of radio broadcasting played an extremely important role in the industry of music transmission. Nevertheless, the rapid development of high technology has brought serious challenges to China’s radio music workers in the new

　　17

　　What a noble medium the English language is. It is not possible to write a page without experiencing positive pleasure at the richness and variety, the flexibility and the profoundness of our mother-tongue. If an English writer cannot say what he has to, say in English, and in simple English, it is probably not worth saying. What a pity that English is not more generally studied, I am not going to attack classical education. No one who has the slightest pretension to literary tastes can be insensible to its attraction. But I confess our present educational system excites in my mind grave misgivings, which I cannot believe is the best or even reasonable, a system that thrusts upon reluctant and uncomprehending multitudes treasures which can only be appreciated by the privileged and gifted few. To the vast majority of children who attend our public schools; classical education is from beginning to end long, useless and meaningless. If I am told that classical subjects are the best preparation for the study of English, I reply that by far this preparatory stage is incomplete and without deriving any of the benefits which are promised as its result.

　　【參考譯文】

　　英語是一種多么神奇的工具!我們每寫下一頁，祖國語言的豐富多彩、靈便精深都讓我們贊嘆不已、喜不自禁。如果一個英語作家不能用英語，或者不能用簡明的英語說出必須說的話，那么這些話也許就不值得說。英語沒有廣泛地得到學(xué)習(xí)是何等憾事啊!我不是在攻擊傳統(tǒng)教育。任何人只要自稱對文學(xué)有些許鑒賞力，就不可能對英語的魅力無動于衷。但我承認(rèn)，我國目前的教育制度使人憂心忡忡。我認(rèn)為這不是最好的制度，甚至不是合理的制度。因為這個制度所提供的文學(xué)作品，只能為少數(shù)特權(quán)人物和天才人物所欣賞，卻不是普通大眾喜聞樂見、能夠欣賞的。對公立學(xué)校的廣大學(xué)生來說，傳統(tǒng)教育徹頭徹尾地冗長無用、毫無意義。如果有人對我說，傳統(tǒng)課程為學(xué)習(xí)英語打下了最好的基礎(chǔ)，那我得說，迄今為止這個基礎(chǔ)階段還不完善，未能收到所期望的任何效果。

　　18

　　The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.

　　Our own, our country's honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.

　　【參考譯文】

　　我們千千萬萬子孫后代的命運要依靠我們這支軍隊勇敢戰(zhàn)斗。我們的敵人殘暴冷酷，我們要么選擇勇敢地反抗，要么只有卑賤地屈從。因此，是征服，是滅亡，我們必須做出抉擇。我們個人的尊嚴(yán)，我們祖國的榮譽，要求我們?nèi)�力以赴、浴血奮戰(zhàn)。如果我們戰(zhàn)敗，我們在全世界將會聲名掃地、顏面無存。讓我們依靠正義的事業(yè)，依靠勝利之神的幫助，激勵自己完成偉大而崇高的行動。我們的同胞注視著我們，如果我們能夠把他們從水深火熱的暴政中解救出來，這將令人歡欣鼓舞，人民會祝福我們、頌揚我們。讓我們互相激勵，向全世界展示，在自己的國土上為自由而戰(zhàn)的人要比地球上任何為金錢而戰(zhàn)的烏合之眾崇高。

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　　A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in contemporary society. Thus, the current .anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.

　　The real problem facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptability. The idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is harmful has added considerable strain. The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical experience.

　　【參考譯文】

　　人們對家庭的未來感到憂心忡忡，其根本原因不在于現(xiàn)實，而在于對文化的理想化期望與現(xiàn)實本身的沖突。由于懷念失落的家庭傳統(tǒng)，我們在理解現(xiàn)代家庭狀況時常存在著偏見，而實際上，這種家庭傳統(tǒng)從未存在過。當(dāng)前人們對家庭命運的擔(dān)憂不僅僅反映出了家庭的問題，由于社會問題常常投射到家庭中，這種擔(dān)憂也反映了人們對其他社會問題的種種憂慮�，F(xiàn)在美國家庭面臨的真正問題不是人們所常說的家庭崩潰的征兆，而是反映出美國家庭難以適應(yīng)最近的社會變化，尤其是難以適應(yīng)家庭規(guī)�？s小、家庭職能減少以及家庭適應(yīng)能力越來越弱的現(xiàn)實。把家庭理想化為遠(yuǎn)離世界的避難所，或者錯誤地認(rèn)為母親工作對于家庭不利，使家庭承受了更大的壓力。從過去的經(jīng)驗來看，一直強調(diào)家庭是個人和情感的避風(fēng)港是有失偏頗的。

　　20

　　十月的上海，陽光明媚，秋高氣爽，來自35個國家和地區(qū)的1300余名比賽選手參加了在滬舉行的本世紀(jì)最后一屆世界中學(xué)生運動會。

　　世界各國青少年在滬逗留的時間雖然短暫，但上海的風(fēng)貌和中國的傳統(tǒng)文化仍然給他們留下了深刻的印象。無論是參觀矗立于浦江之畔的東方明珠電視塔，還是游覽靜臥一隅的城隍廟，他們都能感受到傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的美妙結(jié)合。博大精深的中國傳統(tǒng)文化讓這些外國朋友感受到的是神秘和新奇，這種認(rèn)知來自短暫的接觸，但從此之后，他們不會忘記;有這樣一個民族，生活在世界的東方。

　　【參考譯文】

　　On the clear and crisp autumn days in Shanghai’s October, more than 1,300 participants from 35 countries and regions attended the last World Juvenile Games of the 20th century held in the city.

　　Despite their short stay in Shanghai, the young people from various countries of the world are deeply impressed by Shanghai’s landscape and traditional Chinese culture. Whether visiting the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower on the Huangpu River or the City God Temple in a quiet corner of the city, they marvel at the miraculous combination of tradition and modernity. The profound traditional Chinese culture struck those foreign youngsters as mysterious and novel. Their impression came from the short-time contact, but from then on, they will never forget such a nation in the East of the world.