11

　　Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.

　　【參考譯文】

　　達(dá)爾文以后的生物學(xué)家們一直相信，大自然的運(yùn)行是沒(méi)有計(jì)劃沒(méi)有意義的，不會(huì)按照預(yù)先設(shè)定的途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)任何目的。但是，今天我們知道，這一看法是個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。為什么恰如達(dá)爾文所理解和描述的那樣，進(jìn)化就該是無(wú)計(jì)劃和無(wú)理性的呢?飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師們利用風(fēng)洞檢測(cè)根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)制造的大量機(jī)體模型的耐用性能，在具體運(yùn)算和計(jì)劃不起作用的情況下，為選出功能最佳的設(shè)計(jì)，他們不也正是根據(jù)同樣的進(jìn)化原理進(jìn)行工作的嗎?核物理學(xué)家經(jīng)過(guò)上萬(wàn)次的計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算，試圖找出哪些材料，以怎樣的結(jié)合方式，以及什么結(jié)構(gòu)形式最適宜用于建造原子核反應(yīng)堆，我們能夠說(shuō)這中間沒(méi)有自然選擇的過(guò)程么?他們進(jìn)行的適應(yīng)性調(diào)節(jié)也未經(jīng)過(guò)事先設(shè)計(jì)，而是根據(jù)選擇原理進(jìn)行的。但是人們從未認(rèn)為這種方法是無(wú)計(jì)劃、無(wú)理性的。

　　12

　　1995年10月，黃浦江上又一座大橋凌空飛架，將浦南與奉賢連接起來(lái)，成為繼徐浦、南浦、楊浦三座大橋之后建成通車的第四座大橋——奉浦大橋。

　　奉浦大橋是首座由地方籌資興建的黃浦江大橋，奉賢縣與市區(qū)有關(guān)部門和企業(yè)共同集資4.46億元，僅用1年零7個(gè)月的時(shí)間即勝利建成。大橋的建成解決了長(zhǎng)期困擾奉賢與浦南地區(qū)的過(guò)江問(wèn)題，同時(shí)還改善了該地區(qū)的投資環(huán)境，為杭州灣北岸的開(kāi)發(fā)、建設(shè)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

　　金秋10月的黃浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、楊捕、奉浦四座大橋沐浴著金秋陽(yáng)光，各顯神姿，交相輝映，為上海這座充滿生機(jī)與魅力的國(guó)際大都市增添了更加奪目的風(fēng)采。不久的將來(lái)，上海還將建造更多的過(guò)江設(shè)施，把浦江兩岸更緊密地連結(jié)在一起。

　　【參考譯文】

　　In October 1995, another bridge flew to span the Huangpu River, connecting Punan with Fengxian. It is Fengpu Bridge, the fourth bridge over the river open to traffic after the Xupu, Nanpu and Yangpu Bridge.Completed in 19 months, Fengpu Bridge is the first locally financed bridge over the river, with the funds of 446 million yuan raised by Fengxian County and departments and enterprises concerned in the municipal government. The completion of the bridge has solved the chronic problem of crossing the Huangpu River that bothered the residents in Fengxian and Punan and also improved the investment environment, which lays (thus laying) a solid foundation for the construction and development on the north bank of the Hangzhou Bay.

　　In the golder autumn of October, the Xupu, Nanpu, Yangpu.and Fengpu Bridges over the Huangpu River, bathed in the golden sunshine, show the disyinctive features and enhance each other’s magnificance, adding (which adds) more luster to Shanghai, a cosmopolis that is full of charm and vitality. In the near future, more cross-river facilities will be built in Shanghai to link closely areas on the two banks of the Huangpu River.

　　13

　　A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar. " We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses. " The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.

　　【參考譯文】

　　人們常常批評(píng)美國(guó)文化過(guò)分熱衷于物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，卻忽略了人的精神需求。他們說(shuō)，美國(guó)人只崇拜“萬(wàn)能的美元”。美國(guó)人會(huì)在生活上競(jìng)相攀比。美國(guó)人過(guò)分鐘情于汽車，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)這稱為國(guó)內(nèi)外批評(píng)家的笑柄。美國(guó)人把數(shù)量作為衡量一切的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，無(wú)論是炸彈還是轎車，總是越多越好。大多數(shù)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)失去了彬彬有禮、和睦相處、量入為出的傳統(tǒng)美德。因而美國(guó)人吞噬著世界上大量不可再生的自然資源。美國(guó)人占世界人口的百分之六，卻消耗了世界上三分之一以上的能源。人們常常對(duì)此頗有怨言。的確，從某種程度上說(shuō)，美國(guó)人可能信奉追求幸福就是追求物質(zhì)享受。

　　14

　　太湖明珠無(wú)錫，位于江蘇省南部，地處美麗富饒的長(zhǎng)江三角洲中心地帶。這里氣候宜人，物產(chǎn)豐富，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是中國(guó)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景旅游城市。與萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城齊名的古京杭大運(yùn)河縱貫市區(qū),泛舟河上，能領(lǐng)略水鄉(xiāng)的民俗風(fēng)情。

　　距市區(qū)七公里的太湖梅粱景區(qū)是太湖風(fēng)景之精華，碧波萬(wàn)頃，漁帆點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的黿頭渚巨石狀如黿頭，遠(yuǎn)眺煙波浩渺的太湖，被詩(shī)人郭沫若譽(yù)為“太湖佳絕處”。

　　【參考譯文】

　　Wuxi, the pearl on the Taihu Lake, is located in southern Jiangsu Province in the center of the beautiful and fertile Yangtzi River Delta. With its mild climate, abundant resources and picturesque scenery, it is a key resort in China. The Grand Beijing-to-Hangzhou Canal running across the city is as well-known as the Great Wall. Boating along the river, you will be able to enjoy the local customs and lifestyles of the river-side towns. The Meiliang Scenic Area, 7 kilometers from the downtown area of the city, embodies the essence of beauty of the lake. You will be fascinated by the landscape of the lake and hills with numerous fishingboats dotting the vast blue waters. Among the scineic spots there, Yuantouzhu is a huge rock in the shape of a tortoise head. Overlooking the misty boundless lake, it is praised by Poet Guo Moruo as the best place of the Taihu Lake.

　　15

　　The three sacred words “duty”, “honor” and “country” reverently dictate what you should be, what you can be, and what you will be. They urge you to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes abandoned. I am convinced that these words teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for action; not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep, to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, yet never take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. In short, these words teach you to be both a militant fighter and a gentleman.

　　【參考譯文】

　　“責(zé)任”、“榮譽(yù)”和“國(guó)家”這三個(gè)神圣的詞莊嚴(yán)地責(zé)成你們應(yīng)成為怎樣的人，能成為怎樣的人，將成為怎樣的人。這三個(gè)詞要求你們?cè)谑�去勇氣時(shí)鼓起勇氣，在失去信念時(shí)恢復(fù)信念，在失去希望時(shí)產(chǎn)生希望。我認(rèn)為，這些詞教導(dǎo)你們?cè)谡嬲�失敗時(shí)要自尊自愛(ài)、不屈不撓，在成功時(shí)要謙和，不要以言代行，不要尋求安逸，而要面對(duì)困難和挑戰(zhàn)的壓力;要學(xué)會(huì)在風(fēng)浪中傲然屹立，而對(duì)失敗者應(yīng)該予以同情;要有純潔的心靈，要有崇高的目標(biāo);要能笑會(huì)哭;要走向未來(lái)，但不可忘記過(guò)去;要為人持重，但不可自命不凡;要謙虛，這樣就會(huì)記住真正的偉大在于純樸，真正的智慧在于開(kāi)明，真正的剛毅在于溫柔。簡(jiǎn)而言之，這些詞教導(dǎo)你們?cè)诔蔀橐幻�勇猛之士的同時(shí)，也要成為一位謙謙君子。