Passage Four?

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:?

　　For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work,all?night cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms.Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle.Simply put,our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.(Contrary to popular belief,humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)?

　　But on average,Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night,a marked drop from the nine hours day averaged in 1910.what’s worse,nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that’s not nearly enough.?

　　Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are generic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James. F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed at other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says.?

　　Sleep experts say that most people cet6w.com a good look at their sleep patterns, “My motto (座右銘) is ‘sleep defensively’,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines-like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day-are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsneer, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle change-avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep. ?

　　36.What is TRUE of human sleep??

　　A) Most people need less sleep when grow older.?

　　B) Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.?

　　C) On average, people in the U. S. today sleep less per night than they used to.?

　　D) For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough.?

　　37.For our bodies to function properly, we should____.?

　　A) sleep for at least eight hours per night?

　　B) believe that we need less sleep as we age?

　　C) adjust our activities to the new inventions?

　　D) be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks?

　　38.According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by ____.?

　　A) other diseases?

　　B) pre-bedtime exercises?

　　C) improper sleep patterns?

　　D) Chronic fatigue syndrome?

　　39.Which of the following measures can help you sleep better??

　　A) Staying up late.?

　　B) Taking a hot bath.?

　　C) Having late meals.?

　　D) Traveling between time zones.?

　　40.“Sleep defensively” means that ____.?

　　A) people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed?

　　B) people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night?

　　C) people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessary.?

　　D) People should give up going to bed and going up at the same every day.

　　Passage Four?

　　內(nèi)容概要:?本文講的是睡眠問題。瓊斯醫(yī)生說，睡眠紊亂經(jīng)常被診斷為其他毛病。睡眠有規(guī)律是很重要的。與睡前的活動也有關(guān)系。晚飯不要吃得太晚， 睡前避免過長時間的運動，洗個熱水澡，都會使人睡得香一點。?

　　36. 【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】平均而言，美國人的睡眠時間比過去少。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】答本題應仔細閱讀頭上兩段。第2段說，美國人現(xiàn)在平均每天只睡7個半小時，比1910年平均睡9個小時要少得多。而且，有將近三分之一的美國人在工作完后只剩6個小時還不到的睡眠時間。對大多數(shù)人而言，這是不夠的。故只有C是正確選項。?

　　37. 【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】為了保證身體正常工作，我們應該至少有8個小時的睡眠時間。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】[JP+3]本題測試考生對第1段最后第2句話的理解。該句說，大多數(shù)男人和女人每晚需要8到8個半小時的睡眠時間才能保證他們的正常工作。因此A是正確答案。?

　　38. 【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】作者認為，睡眠紊亂是由于不合理的睡眠方式引起的。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】第3段第3句說，“許多睡眠問題是由晚睡晚起、經(jīng)常作跨時區(qū)旅行及上夜班引起的”。在這里只提到了“晚睡晚起”，即C所指的improper sleep patterns，而沒有提到其他疾病、睡前鍛煉和慢性疲勞綜合癥，因此惟有C是正確選項。?

　　39. 【答案】B。?

　　【譯文】睡眠之前洗個熱水澡可以幫助你睡的香一些。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】本題問的是下面的措施中哪一個可以幫助你睡得香一些。文章最后一句說，改變一下生活方式可以幫助你睡得香一些，句中列舉的幾項措施包括晚飯不要吃得太

　　晚或洗個熱水澡等。故B“洗個熱水澡”是正確選項。?

　　40. 【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】為了得到足夠的睡眠，有必要犧牲其他事情。?

　　【試題分析】詞語理解題。?

　　【詳細解答】本題考對短語“sleep defensively”的意思理解，這要從上下文去理解。下面一句話說，人們須擠出足夠的睡眠時間，哪怕這意味著放棄其他的事情。這就解釋了該短語的意義。因此選項C“如果必要人們應犧牲其他事情來得到足夠的睡眠”是正確答案。