Passage Three?

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　Studies of children’s acquisition of language suggest that the faculty of language includes an inborn knowledge of the formal principles of language structure, a knowledge that depends on generically determined portions of (usually) that left cerebral (大腦的) hemisphere.Although it is well established that the left hemisphere is specialized for language, one cannot say that language is “l(fā)ocated” in this or that part of the hemisphere. What is known is that language discorders are the results of lesions (損傷) in the left hemisphere. Disorders of language resulting from damage to the brain are called aphasias (失語癥).?

　　The anterior(前面的)portion of the “l(fā)anguage area” is termed Broca’s area. Lesions in this area interfere with the motor(運動原)and articulatory aspects of language.Speech is slow,labored,grammatically incorrect,and telegraphic;in extreme cases,it may be impossible to carry out.Writing is likewise severely impaired.Comprehension of the spoken or written word,however,may be unimpaired or nearly so.(It is interesting to note that under emotional stress,a patient with Broca’s aphasia may be temporarily fluent.)Because Broca’s area is close to the motor cortex(腦皮層),if the former is damaged,the latter is often damaged simultaneously.Hence,such patients often suffer form weakness or paralysis of the right side of the body.Similar lesions in the cet6w.com will cause a left-sided weakness of paralysis but will have no effect on language. ?

　　Damage to the posterior (后面的) portion of the “l(fā)anguage area, ” especially to Wernick’s area, results in a loss of cet6w.com spoken word and often of the written word. The patient’s native language is now like a foreign language. In addition, the patient’s speech is rapid and well-articulated, but without meaning. Writing is defective, and words that are heard cannot be repeated, although hearing itself is completely normal. Similar lesions in the cet6w.com usually have no effect on language.?

　　Injuries to the “l(fā)anguage area” in children result in severe aphasias, but the development of language mechanism in the cet6w.com can often compensate for them to an extraordinary degree. This potential function of the cet6w.com is probably normally suppressed by the left hemisphere. In adults, aphasias from similar lesions are often permanent. ?

　　31.The author is primarily concerned with ____.?

　　A) describing the process of language acquisition?

　　B) explaining potential treatment of language defects?

　　C) showing the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain to language mechanisms?

　　D) depicting various means of diagnosing language defects?

　　32.Unlike a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia, a patient with Broca’s aphasia can ____. ?

　　A) comprehend written but not spoken language ?

　　B) hear and read with comprehension?

　　C) speak articulately and also comprehend spoken language?

　　D) write and speak readily and coherently?

　　33.According to the passage,which of the following statements about the cet6w.com of the brain is accurate??

　　A) It has the potential to serve as a “l(fā)anguage area”.?

　　B) It controls the ability to comprehend but not the ability to speak a language?

　　C) If it is damaged, gross motor control of the right side of the body may be affected.?

　　D) It is the right where Wernick’s area is located.?

　　34.It can be inferred that aphasias in adults often result in permanent damage because ____.?

　　A) much memory is lost?

　　B) adults have more trouble learning a foreign language?

　　C) the cet6w.com is no longer as adaptable as it once was. ?

　　D) brain cells in adults are especially vulnerable to infection?

　　35.It can be inferred that the author bases his description on ____.?

　　A) clinical studies of instances of damage to the brain?

　　B) studies of language development in children without brain damage?

　　C) microscopic examination of the brain structure?

　　D) examples of the integration of the left and cet6w.coms?

　　Passage Three?

　　內(nèi)容概要:?本文第1段為主題段，點明了大腦左半球與語言機制之間的關(guān)系;第2、3段分別描述了大腦左前區(qū)和左后區(qū)損傷對語言機制的不同影響;最后一段主要是講大腦右半球在大腦左半球受損導致失語癥時的代償作用。?

　　31. 【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】本文主要是為了說明大腦左半球?qū)φZ言機制的重要性。?

　　【試題分析】歸納結(jié)論題。?

　　【詳細解答】文章第1段就概括了這篇文章是關(guān)于大腦左半球與語言機制的關(guān)系，大腦左半球?qū)φZ言機制起著重要的作用。所以C)是正確答案。?

　　32. 【答案】B。?

　　【譯文】勃洛卡區(qū)失語癥病人和韋尼克失語癥病人不同，前者既能聽懂也能讀懂。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】第2段第3、4、5句告訴我們，大腦左前區(qū)損傷對說和寫的能力有嚴重影響，但一般不會影響聽和讀的理解。因此選項A)和C)有部分差錯，選項D)完全不對，

　　而惟有選項B)正確。?

　　33. 【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】大腦右半球在在左半球受損傷的情況下具有代償作用。?

　　【試題分析】事實細節(jié)題。?

　　【詳細解答】依據(jù)是最后一段第1句。既然在大腦左半球受傷而造成嚴重失語癥的情況下，兒童的大腦右半球通�？尚纬纱鷥敊C制，就說明大腦右半球具有充當“語言區(qū)”的

　　潛力。所以A)是正確答案?

　　34. 【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】成年人的失語癥經(jīng)常導致永久的損傷是因為大腦右半球不再具有適應(yīng)性。?

　　【試題分析】推理引申題。?

　　【詳細解答】從最后一段我們得知，同是“語言區(qū)”(即大腦左半球)損傷導致嚴重失語癥，兒童的失語癥通�？捎纱竽X右半球語言機制的發(fā)展得到一定彌補，但成人的失語

　　癥則一般是永久的。這種對比說明，成人的大腦右半球已不像兒童(即從前)那樣具有適應(yīng)性。因而答案應(yīng)選C)。?

　　35. 【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】作者的描述的依據(jù)是大腦損傷進行的臨床觀察和研究。 ?

　　【試題分析】推理引申題。?

　　【詳細解答】本文是通過描述大腦不同部位損傷與失語癥之間的關(guān)系來論證主題的，而在四個選項中只有采用A)的方法(即對腦損傷進行臨床觀察和研究)才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這種關(guān)

　　系。?