解析：

1

　　這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。其后who must accept the obligation 是一個(gè)定語從句。obligation后面的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的難點(diǎn)是in as obvious a manner as possible，這段狀語的位置有點(diǎn)亂放，用改放到句末去，也就是說這段的順序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

　　拆分翻譯

　　His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /

　　who must accept the obligation / /

　　of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /

　　which led him to his decision.

　　他的職責(zé)與法官相似

　　必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任

　　以一種盡可能清楚明白的方式來展示推理的過程

　　導(dǎo)致他做出決定

2

　　整個(gè)句子是四個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句，第一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句是Children will play with dolls，其后的equipped with personality chips是修飾dolls的定語;第二個(gè)句子是computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools;第三個(gè)句子是relaxationa will be in form of smell-television;第四個(gè)句子是and digital age will have arrived。

　　拆分翻譯

　　Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / /

　　computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / /

　　relaxationa will be in form of smell-television, / /

　　and digital age will have arrived.

　　兒童將與裝有個(gè)性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍

　　帶有內(nèi)置個(gè)性芯片的計(jì)算機(jī)將被是為同時(shí)而不是玩具

　　人們 將在氣味電視機(jī)前娛樂

　　屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就來臨了

3

　　整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是Pearson has pieced together the work，of hundreds of researches是修飾work的定語成分，around the world to 所帶的不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾calendar;when引導(dǎo)的也是定語從句，不是時(shí)間狀語，這個(gè)定語從句修飾時(shí)間名詞dates。

　　Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researches around the world / /

　　to produce a unique millennium technology calendar / /

　　that gives the latest dates / /

　　when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

　　皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的工作成果

　　編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的技術(shù)千年歷

　　它給出了最晚的日期

　　屆時(shí)，我們就能看到數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)

4

　　整個(gè)句子由兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成，第一個(gè)句子主干是They are the possessions，后面是定語成分。第二個(gè)句子主干部分是they are essential to practices，后面是一個(gè)in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。在定語從句中，主語是a person，后面是兩個(gè)并列謂語。第一個(gè)并列謂語 is held，第二個(gè)并列謂語是 is given，承前省略了is。

　　拆分翻譯

　　They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,/ /

　　and they are essential to practices / /

　　in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and / /

　　given credit for his achievements.

　　它們?yōu)閭鹘y(tǒng)理論的自主人所有

　　它們是實(shí)踐活動(dòng)所必不可少的

　　在這些實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中，要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)

　　并因其成就而獲得贊揚(yáng)

5

　　整個(gè)句子的主句是humans have the ability。to modify the environment in which they live作定語，修飾前面的名詞ability。in which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾environment。分詞短語subjecting...to...作狀語。

　　拆分翻譯

　　Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment / /

　　in which they live,/ /

　　thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies

　　而且，人類有能力改造環(huán)境

　　我們生存的環(huán)境

　　而使所有其他生命形態(tài)服從于人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象