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      翻譯考試英語初級(jí)口譯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)_第3頁

      來源:考試網(wǎng)   2014-06-24【

        A. Fuzzy Numbers

        幾個(gè):

        兩、三個(gè):

        五、六個(gè):

        十幾個(gè):

        三十來個(gè):

        幾十個(gè):

        幾十年:

        十幾歲:

        四十出頭:

        五十歲左右:

        近八十歲了:

        九十好幾了:

        五點(diǎn)左右:

        三天左右:

        大約150米處:

        好幾百:

        成千上萬,千千萬萬:

        幾十萬:

        幾百萬:

        億萬:

        B. Special Numbers

        8%

        15%

        42%

        4.35%

        0.5%

        4.032

        71.006

        1/2

        1/3

        1/4

        3/5

        7/8

        1/10

        1/100

        1/1000

        14/1000

        1/10000

        2-1/2

        4-2/3

        C. Numbers Related to Times

        (1) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold.

        (2) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world.

        (3) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-----125 times its area-----to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution.

        (4) 去年這個(gè)公司手機(jī)的銷量增長了近一倍(為原來的兩倍)。

        (5) 過去20年中,中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長了近五倍。

        (6) 中國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米,增加1.4倍。

        (7) 1997年, 全國高等學(xué)校在校生總數(shù)為608萬人, 其中研究生18萬人, 分別是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。

        由于漢語很少用“減少了若干倍”的說法,而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說法,因此,減少多用百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)表示。

        例如: 由于水災(zāi),去年的收成減少了三成。

        Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.

        (8) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一,開支減少了四分之一。

        D. Numbers Related to Percentage

        “增/減了百分之幾”英語和漢語的含義一致,都表示凈增或凈減百分?jǐn)?shù)。英漢增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法有以下幾種:

        1) 增/減了……%

        increase/rise/grow…%

        decrease/drop/fall/sink …%

        increase/rise/grow/go up by …%

        decrease/drop/fall/go down by …%

        例句: Between 1986 and 1987, Nike's sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.

        與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競爭的結(jié)果,從1986到1987年, 耐克(鞋)的銷售額下降了18%,利潤下降了40%多。

        (9) Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.

        (10) Spending on non-durables-----everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-----rose 30% last year.

        (11) In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 percent.

        2) 與……相比,增/減了……%

        increase/rise/grow /go up by …% (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / over…

        decrease/drop/fall/go down by …% (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /over…

        (12)1999年,普通高校招生規(guī)模比上年擴(kuò)大了47.4%。

        (13)同1997年相比,1998年工業(yè)排污減少了11.6%;家庭排污增加了2.6%。

        3) 增/減率

        be …% increase/ rise /growth…

        be …% decrease/drop /decline…

        a decrease / drop / decline of …%

        be …% up /down …

        be up / down…%

        an increase / a rise / a growth rate of …%

        (14)1999年,中國外貿(mào)出口達(dá)1949億美元,比上年增長6.1%。

        (15)1998年,中國全年海外游客入境人數(shù)6348萬人次,比上年增長10.2%, 國際旅游收入達(dá)126億美元, 增長4.4%。

        4) 增/減具體數(shù)字的英譯也可用 “by” +具體數(shù)字來表示

        (16)我國水土流失面積每年以10,000平方公里的速度在擴(kuò)大。目前,水土流失面積已達(dá)367萬平方公里,占總土地面積將近38%。

        E. Practice for Sight Interpreting

        World Population

        With its two giants, China and India, Asia is the home of the majority of the world’s 6 billion human inhabitants,and Africa the second most popular continent. The UN population fund said in its 1998 report on population growth, Asia counts 3.5 billion people. Its most populous countries are China, with 1.2 billion plus another 6.3 million in Hong Kong and India with 975.8 million, followed far behind by Indonesia with 125.9 million and Bangladesh with 124 million.

        India, which has continued to hold the record for a higher birth rate than China, is expected to grow in the year 2025 to 1.3 billion residents.

        The projected population for all of Asia in the year 2025 is 4.7 billion.

        In Africa, the UN Population Fund reported counted 778.5 million residents, with 1.4 billion anticipated in 2025.

        Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with 121.8 million residents. Egypt is next with 65.7 million, followed by Ethiopia with 62.1 million, the Democratic Republic of Congo with 49.2 million, and South Africa with 44.3 million.

        Nigeria, the DRC and Ethiopia are expected to double their population in one generation by the year 2025.

        The European continent counts 729.4 million residents, with Russia still the most populous country at 147.2 million, though its population growth is declining. Germany is next with 82.4 million.

        Europe, according to the UN report is the sole continent whose population is expected to decline, dropping to 701.1 million residents in the year 2025.

        North America, with the United States and its 273.8 million residents counts 304.1 million people, though the number is expected to rise to 369 million in 2025.

        2000年第五次全國人口普查主要數(shù)據(jù)

        國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局今天公布了2000年第五次全國人口普查結(jié)果:

        一、總?cè)丝?/P>

        全國總?cè)丝跒?29533萬人。其中:

        祖國大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市(不包括福建省的金門、馬祖等島嶼,下同)和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口共126583萬人。

        香港特別行政區(qū)人口為678萬人。

        澳門特別行政區(qū)人口為44萬人。

        臺(tái)灣省和福建省的金門、馬祖等島嶼人口為2228萬人。

        二、人口增長

        祖國大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口,同第四次全國人口普查1990年7月1日0時(shí)的113368萬人相比,十年零四個(gè)月共增加了13215萬人,增長11.66%。平均每年增加1279萬人,年平均增長率為1.07%。

        三、總?cè)丝谛詣e構(gòu)成

        祖國大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中,男性為65355萬人, 占總?cè)丝诘?1.63%;女性為61228萬人,占總?cè)丝诘?8. 37% 。 性別比(以女性為100,男性對(duì)女性的比例)為106︰74。

        四、年齡構(gòu)成

        祖國大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中,0-14 歲的人口為28979萬人。占總?cè)丝诘?2.89%;15-64 歲的人口為88793 萬人, 占總?cè)丝诘?0.15%;65歲及以上的人口為8811萬人,占總?cè)丝诘?.96%。同1990年第四次全國人口普查相比,0-14歲人口的比重下降了4.80個(gè)百分點(diǎn),65歲及以上人口的比重上升了1.39個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

        五、民族構(gòu)成

        祖國大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中,漢族人口為115940萬人,占總?cè)丝诘?1.59%;少數(shù)民族人口為1064萬人,占總?cè)丝诘?.41%。同1990年第四次全國人口普查相比,漢族人口增加了11692萬人,增長了11.22%;各少數(shù)民族人口增加了1523萬人,增長了16.70%。

        A. Abbreviations

        UNESCO 聯(lián)合國教科文組織

        UNICEF 聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)

        IMF 國際貨幣基金

        WTO 世界貿(mào)易組織

        APEC 亞太經(jīng)合組織(亞洲太平洋經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織)

        OPEC 石油輸出國組織

        NATO 北約(北大西洋公約組織)

        CPC 中國共產(chǎn)黨

        NPC 全國人民代表大會(huì)

        CPPCC 中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議

        CAAC 中國民航

        CCTV 中央電視臺(tái)

        PLA 中國人民解放軍

        HKSAR 香港特別行政區(qū)

        GDP 國民生產(chǎn)總值

        NASA 美國宇航局

        FBI 美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局

        GM 美國通用汽車公司

        B. Mathematical Signs

        ∴ 所以

        ∵ 因?yàn)?/P>

        = 等于或就是,意味著

        ≠ 不等于,不是

        ≈ 大約,大概,左右

        > 大于,多于,比…大

        < 小于,少于,比…小

        C. Self-created Signs

        × 不同意,不贊成,錯(cuò)誤,不正確

        √ 同意,贊成,正確

        → 從某地到某地,從某時(shí)到某時(shí),導(dǎo)致,引起

        ← 過去,回憶,返回,后退,倒退

        ↓ 下降,降低,減少,向下

        ↑ 上升,提高,增加,向上

        □← 來訪,進(jìn)入,進(jìn)口,引進(jìn)外資,來華投資

        □→ 出訪,外出,出口,海外投資

        ☆ 杰出,優(yōu)秀,最佳,突出,標(biāo)兵,榜樣

        ∽ 交換,交流,交替, 互換

        3—, — 300,000

        5,—, — 5,000,000

        D. Prefix or Suffix

        -ism: m 例如:socialism Sm

        -tion: n 例如:standardization (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化) stdn

        -cian: o 例如:technician techo

        -ing : g 例如:marketing (市場營銷) MKTg

        -ed : d 例如:accepted acptd

        -able/ible/ble : bl 例如:available avbl

        -ment : mt 例如:amendment amdmt

        -ize : z 例如:recognize regz

        -ful : fl 例如:meaningful mnfl

        A.Interpreting Titles

        1. 以“總……”表示的首席長官,可選擇general、chief、head這類詞表示。

        總書記:

        總工程師:

        總會(huì)計(jì)師:

        總經(jīng)理:

        總代理:

        總教練:

        2.一些行業(yè)的職稱頭銜,直接用“高級(jí)”或“資深”來表示,可用"senior"來稱呼。

        高級(jí)記者:

        高級(jí)講師:

        3. “首席”英語常用chief來表達(dá)。

        首席執(zhí)行官:

        首席運(yùn)營官:

        首席顧問:

        首席檢察官:

        4. 還有一些高級(jí)職務(wù)帶“長”字,例如:

        參謀長:

        護(hù)士長:

        秘書長:

        5. 以“副”字的表示副職的行政職務(wù)頭銜,可用vice、deputy表達(dá)。

        副總統(tǒng):

        副主席:

        副總理:

        副秘書長:

        副書記:

        副市長:

        6.學(xué)術(shù)頭銜的“副”職稱,常用associate表示。

        副教授:

        副研究員:

        副審判長:

        副主任醫(yī)師:

        7.學(xué)術(shù)頭銜中的初級(jí)職稱如“助理”,我們可以用assistant來稱呼。

        助理教授:

        助理研究員:

        助理工程師:

        8. 一般說來,“代理”可譯作acting,例如:

        代理市長:

        代理總理:

        代理主任:

        9. 常務(wù)”可以用“managing"表示。

        常務(wù)理事:

        常務(wù)副校長:

        10. 執(zhí)行”可譯作executive

        執(zhí)行秘書:

        執(zhí)行主席:

        11. 還有很多稱謂的英語表達(dá)方式難以歸類,這就需要我們?nèi)辗e月累,逐步總結(jié)。例如:

        辦公室主任:

        車間主任:

        客座教授:

        村長:

        稅務(wù)員:

        股票交易員:

        12. 最后是我們國家特有的一些榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)的口譯。

        勞動(dòng)模范:

        優(yōu)秀員工:

        標(biāo)兵:

        三好學(xué)生:

        B. Cooking Methods

        1. 炒(stir-frying),是指鍋內(nèi)放油、油燒熟,下生料炒熟。然而“炒蛋”的英語卻是scrambled egg,不譯fried egg!

        2. 煎(pan-frying),即在鍋內(nèi)放上少量的油,待油達(dá)到一定溫度后將菜料放入鍋內(nèi)進(jìn)行短時(shí)間的烹煮,如煎雞蛋(pan-fried egg)。

        3. 爆(quick-frying),是旺火熱油,原料下鍋后快速操作。要求刀工處理粗細(xì)一致,烹前備好調(diào)味品,動(dòng)作要麻利迅速。如爆大蝦(quick-fried shrimps)。

        4. 炸(deep-frying), 將主料掛糊或不掛糊下熱油鍋,由生炸熟的方法,外焦里嫩。如五香炸雞翅(deep-fried chicken wing with spicy flavour)。如再細(xì)分,還可分為干炸(dry deep-frying),軟炸(soft deep-frying)和酥炸(crisp deep-frying)。

        5. 燒(braising),是先將主料用油炸過或用火焯過,再加上輔料,兌入湯汁煨至熟爛的方法!坝冕u油來燒,叫紅燒——braising with soy sauce,”或braising in brown sauce。

        6. 煮(boiling),指在鍋里放入水或有調(diào)料的沸湯,將鍋放在慢火上燒,再放入菜肴,時(shí)間可長可短,由事物的品種和食者口味而定。“煮還可分速煮(instant boiling),北方的涮羊肉instant boiled mutton,廣東的‘打邊爐’chafing dish也屬此類,和快煮(quick boiling)!

        7. 蒸(steaming),是將生料或半熟原料,加調(diào)料調(diào)味后上籠屜蒸熟的方法。如荷葉粉蒸肉(steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in lotus leaves)。

        8. 煲/燉/煨/燜/鹵(simmering/stewing),這五種烹調(diào)方法基本相同,都是將食物放在水、湯或汁之中,用文火慢慢加熱,用火時(shí)間一般較長,如燉栗子雞(stewed chicken with chestnuts),煨牛肉(simmered beef)!霸谒徐沂莝tewing in water,將食物放在水中煲,如廣東肇慶的‘劍花豬肉湯’譯為stewed port soup with crab cactus flowers。隔水燉是stewing out of water,用于燉補(bǔ)品;磋綗跎~是stewed snakehead fish with Chinese yam and fruits of Chinese wolfberry。倘若放進(jìn)味汁里煮,那就是‘鹵’-—stewing in gravy 了。”

        9. 熏(smoking),通常是將宰殺后的禽肉野味,用調(diào)料香料調(diào)制后,用特殊的樹木柴禾熏烤而熟,這種菜肴往往具有獨(dú)特風(fēng)味。如熏山雞(smoked pheasant)。

        10. 烘烤鐵燒:鐵燒(broiling或grilling)是將食物放在鐵板或鐵架上用明火烤。燒烤(roasting)是在火上,火前或在鐵架上燒。烘(baking)指將食物放在密閉的烘爐里或鐵板或鐵架上用明火烤,食物與火不直接接觸。澆油燒(basting)是指在食物燒烤過程中不時(shí)澆淋調(diào)味油,以防烤焦。要知道這些烹調(diào)方法的味道,不妨嘗一嘗奶油燒魚柳(grilled fish with butter sauce),鐵燒牛扒(grilled beefsteak),燒乳豬(roast suckling pig)!

        11. 白灼(scalding或blanshing),將食物放在沸水中燙熟,然后取出再放佐料或用熱鍋炒。此法主要用于新鮮海味,如白灼海螺片(scalded sliced conch)。

        C. Interpreting Dishes

        Clay oven rolls ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

        Fried bread stick

        Boiled dumplings

        Steamed dumplings

        Steamed buns

        Rice and vegetable roll

        Egg cakes

        100-year egg

        Soybean milk

        Fried rice with egg

        Rice porridge

        Sliced noodles

        Sesame paste noodles

        Duck with noodles

        Seafood noodles

        Fried rice noodles

        Egg & vegetable soup

        Seaweed soup

        涼面:

        元宵:

        餛飩:

        油條:

        花卷:

        鍋貼:

        包子:

        窩窩頭:

        北京烤鴨:

        香酥雞:

        醋溜子雞:

        糖醋黃魚:

        青椒肉片:

        魚香肉絲:

        煨牛肉:

        涮羊肉:

        五香牛肉:

        紅燒獅子頭:

        芙蓉蝦仁:

        麻婆豆腐:

        什錦炒飯:

        炸醬面:

        A. How to Propose a Toast?

        1.Addressing the party

        2.Extending welcome or expressing thanks

        3.Significance of the current visit or of the activity

        4.Good wishes

        5.Toasts

        1. Addressing the party

        (中國)同胞們 (美國)同胞們

        (港澳臺(tái)和海外華人)同胞們

        老師們、同學(xué)們、朋友們

        各位企業(yè)家代表

        親愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們

        尊敬的各位國家元首、政府首腦和王室代表

        尊敬的各位使節(jié)、代表和夫人

        尊敬的胡錦濤主席和夫人

        尊敬的布什總統(tǒng)和夫人

        總統(tǒng)先生

        總統(tǒng)女士

        總理先生

        國王和王后陛下

        各位殿下

        2. Extending welcome

        1) I wish to extend my warm welcome to you.

        2) Allow me, first of all, to extend my warm welcome to the Chinese Delegation who have been invited to this country by this Company.

        3) On behalf of the Textiles Corporation, I wish to warmly welcome you, Mr. Smith, and all the members of the Canadian Mission.

        4) It is a great pleasure for me to preside at this dinner given by our trade mission (貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)) in honor of the Chinese foreign trade officials.

        3. Expressing thanks

        for myself and for our entire delegation,

        on behalf of all the members of my delegation and in my own name,

        for our Group and myself,

        express my heartfelt thanks to you

        A warm gratitude to you and through you to Mr. Smith

        for your kind invitation to visit China.

        4. Good wishes

        “May…!”

        “I wish … a success!”

        祝愿我們的友誼長存。

        祝中美兩國關(guān)系和兩國人民友誼取得更大發(fā)展。

        我謹(jǐn)向偉大的美國人民轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)13億中國人民的誠摯問候和良好祝愿!

        5. Toasts

        現(xiàn)在我提議,為了大會(huì)的圓滿成功,為了各位來賓的身體健康,干杯!

        Now I propose a toast, to the success of the conference and the health of all the distinguished guests here, cheers!

        請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我請(qǐng)各位與我一起舉杯,為我們兩家公司的友誼與合作干杯!

        Now may I propose a toast, to the success of the conference and the health of all the distinguished guests here, cheers!

        B. Practice for Interpreting

        1. 我一定向他轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)您的問候和邀請(qǐng).

        2. 歡迎多提寶貴意見.

        3. 不虛此行

        4. 您的日程很緊,我們的會(huì)見是否就到此為止.

        5. 歡迎美商來北京投資.

        6. 愿為您效勞。

        7. 請(qǐng)代我問候...先生

        8.歡迎以后多來北京

        9.請(qǐng)留步,不用送了.

        10.為…舉行宴會(huì)/宴請(qǐng)

        11. 很高興再次見到各位新老朋友

        12.我感到很榮幸能夠有機(jī)會(huì)到上海跟你們交談。

        13.我很高興在美麗的日內(nèi)瓦與各位相聚一堂。

        14.很高興今天能在此就“全球化”這一主題和大家來談?wù)勎业南敕ā?/P>

        15.今天,我們很高興在這里歡聚一堂,慶祝人民共和國成立六十周年。

        Practice for Spot Dictation

        Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.

        In the early 1970's, Citibank of New York City became one of the first financial institutions to install ATM's on a large scale. Since then, the_______(1) of automated teller machines has increased dramatically. At the time, the bank hoped________ (2) their operating costs by replacing human tellers with machines. Little did they _______ (3) that the cash machines would become so successful. However, as more banks added_______ (4) automated service through ATM's, the machines mushroomed all over the world.

        To use an ATM, all you need is a _______(5) issued by your bank. Your bank may also_______(6) through a credit card, such as MasterCard or Visa. To begin a _______(7), you need to insert the card into an ATM and punch in a personal identification number on the _______(8). The personal ID number may consist of_______(9) and can prevent anyone from using the card.

        The ATM next flashes instructions on its_______(10) for carrying out transaction. To get cash, for example, you are instructed to _______(11) that indicate whether the money should be withdrawn form a checking or a savings account and the _______(12). This request is then displayed on the screen. After you press a button to _______(13) that the information is correct, the ATM goes to _______(14).

        How safe, you may ask, is banking by ATM? The_______(15) is meant to prevent anyone, no matter who you are, from using a cash card________(16). If you enter the wrong ID number for a card, a message on the screen will_______(17). If you enter the wrong ID number for 3 times, most machines will_______(20). As another precaution against_______(19), the bank generally limits the amount that may be withdrawn by cash card______(20), say, to $200.

        Practice for Listening and Translation (A)

        I. Sentence Translation

        Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

        (1)

        (2)

        (3)

        (4)

        (5)

        II. Passage Translation

        Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

        (1)

        (2)

        Practice for Listening and Translation (B)

        I. Sentence Translation

        Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

        (1)

        (2)

        (3)

        (4)

        (5)

        II. Passage Translation

        Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

        (1)

        (2)

      123
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