Questions 81 — 90 are based on the following passage.

　　Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.

　　As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society.

　　A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.

　　81. By “a system of build-in obsolescence” the author means ___.

　　no formal systems exist in modern industrial society

　　old people have no status in modern industrial society

　　young people have chances in modern industrial society

　　knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society

　　82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?

　　People don’t have to gain education.

　　People don’t have to learn job skills.

　　People don’t have to be treated as equals.

　　People don’t have chances to begin anew.

　　83. The more highly developed a society is, ____.

　　the more advanced technology will be

　　the larger the number of people will be

　　the more diminished old people’s status will be

　　the lower the overall status of the people will be

　　84. The high development of economic technology ____.

　　makes job skills out of fashion

　　lowers the demand for workers

　　forces old people into retirement

　　creates new jobs for older people

　　85. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　Retired people could only live on fixed incomes.

　　Retired people are more skillful than young people.

　　Young people are educated in the new technology.

　　Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes.

　　86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by their ____.

　　A. forced retirement B. inferior housing

　　C. longer life span D. fixed incomes

　　87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means we can live longer ____.

　　A. and make progress B. and do more work

　　C. but move slowly D. but become useless

　　88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is ____.

　　A. realistic B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. sympathetic

　　89. It can be deduced from this passage that one should ____.

　　A. learn new skills B. be open-minded

　　C. have a good personality D. keep pace with the times

　　90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

　　A. The Problem of Aging B. Social Structures

　　C. Economic Technology D. Continuing Education

　　Questions 91 — 100 are based on the following passage.

　　When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep.

　　During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.

　　91. On the part of an average sleeper, there ____ of sleep in cycles.

　　A. is one stage B. are two stages

　　C. are six stages D. are four stages

　　92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his ____.

　　eyeballs will roll about a bit

　　mind will relax more and more

　　breathing will slow for minutes

　　temperature will increase slightly

　　93. The lower your stage of sleep, ____.

　　the faster your eyes will roll about

　　the quieter your breath will become

　　the slower your brain waves will be

　　the higher your temperature will be

　　94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, ____.

　　you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the night

　　you will lose your consciousness for 40-60 minutes

　　your brain waves will show the delta rhythm

　　your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm

　　95. In the REM sleep, ____.

　　the delta rhythm will disappear

　　the activity pattern will appear

　　something will occur in front of you

　　your eyes will begin to dart around

　　96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep ____.

　　about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber

　　some 10 minutes after you fall into REM sleep

　　about 40 minutes after you lose consciousness

　　some 30 minutes after you brain waves slow

　　97. The first paragraph of this passage tells us about ____.

　　A. the rhythms of brain waves B. the daily activities of sleep

　　C. the stages of sleep in cycles D. the daily activities in cycles

　　98. In this passage, the word “paralyzed” means unable to ____.

　　A. move B. think C. work D. speak

　　99. The phrase “extensive muscular inhibition” means ____.

　　the body is incapable of movement

　　the muscles in the body are relaxed

　　voluntary muscles are capable of movement

　　the brain shows rapid burst of neural activity

　　100. The best title for this passage would be ____.

　　A. Brain Waves B. Sleep Cycles C. Daily Activities D. Body Activities