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漢語是中國各民族共同使用的語言、聯(lián)合國正式語文和工作語言之一,又是世界上歷史最悠久、發(fā)展水平最高的語言之一,有文字可考的歷史不少于6 000年。無論過去或現(xiàn)在,漢語在國內(nèi)外都有很大的影響,具有很重要的地位。當今世界出現(xiàn)漢語熱,一是因為民族歷史悠久,有著光輝燦爛的文化, 對人類進步做出過巨大貢獻;更是因為30年來中國中國實行改革開放,綜合國力大大提升,與中國打交道、對中國文化感興趣的國家、國際組織和人員日益增多。學習漢語也就成為深入了解中國的必由之路。
任何語言都與經(jīng)濟和文化分不開。經(jīng)濟和文化發(fā)展的國家,其語言所起的作用十分重要。在過去20年里,中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長9.7%,未來的中國經(jīng)濟還將持續(xù)增長!皾h語熱”的興起,表明世界對中國未來發(fā)展的預期越來越好?梢灶A言,隨著中國經(jīng)濟的進一步發(fā)展和國際地位的日益提高,世界上學習漢語和中國文化的人數(shù)還會不斷增加。
家庭是社會的基本單位,它的結構隨著社會的發(fā)展而變化。在中國幾千年的封建社會里,自給自足的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟占主導地位,家庭不僅是日常生活的基本單位,也是生產(chǎn)單位。理想的、令人羨慕的家庭是五世同堂,家里的大事由男人做主。近百年來,中國發(fā)生了巨大變化,中國社會經(jīng)過漫長的封建時期,半封建、半殖民地時期進入了社會主義社會。這具有歷史意義的變化使中國家庭的結構也改變了。人口眾多的大家庭開始分成較小的家庭和直系家庭,總的趨勢是出現(xiàn)了越來越多的核心家庭。
The structure of the family, which is a basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society. In China's feudal society which lasted several thousand years, a self-sufficient small peasant economy predominated. The family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also a basic unit of production. An ideal family admired by all consisted of 5 generations, with the male members making all the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. The Chinese society, which had gone through the long feudal period, and later the semi-colonial, semi-feudal period, had turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller extended families and stem families, with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.