IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.synchronic linguistics

32.liquids

33.compounding

34.embedded clause

35.predication

36.directives

37.internal borrowing

38.social dialects

39.interpersonal communication中 華 考 試 網(wǎng)

40.fossilization

V. Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Define with examples phonemic contrast, allophone and complementary distribution. What is the basic way to determine the phonemes of a language?

42.Describe with examples the lexical loss which occurred in Old English and Middle English.

 Do you think the loss of words inevitable? What do you think of the process of lexical loss?

（自考真題暫不提供答案）