第二部分 中英對照

　　請用教授所描述的調(diào)查，解釋科學(xué)家從嬰兒的數(shù)學(xué)能力中獲得的信息

　　Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies.

　　現(xiàn)在，請聽某堂心理課上的部分講課內(nèi)容。

　　Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

　　教授正在談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)嬰兒數(shù)學(xué)能力的問題。

　　The professor is discussing the mathematical capabilities of babies.

　　科學(xué)家們在研究嬰兒的數(shù)學(xué)能力時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常有意思的現(xiàn)象。

　　Scientists have learned some interesting things about the intellectual abilities of babies.

　　他們說，有證據(jù)表明五個(gè)月大的嬰兒就能夠做一些基本的算術(shù)。他們會做加法運(yùn)算。

　　They say there's evidence that babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic, that they can add.

　　科學(xué)家認(rèn)為嬰兒知道一加一等于二，不等于一。

　　Scientists think babies know one plus one equals two and not one.

　　當(dāng)然這些證據(jù)是間接的。很明顯，你不可能叫一個(gè)五歲的嬰兒給你做一些加法算術(shù)題。

　　The evidence is indirect because obviously you can't ask a five-month old baby to add up some numbers for you.

　　所以呢，他們設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。唔，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們給嬰兒展示了一個(gè)放在桌子上的玩偶。

　　So they devised an experiment where, um, in this experiment a baby is shown a doll on a table.

　　是的，那么小寶寶呢就看著這個(gè)玩偶。接著，研究人員在玩偶前面放了一個(gè)擋板，所以現(xiàn)在呢，玩偶是藏在擋板后面的。

　　Ok, so the baby looks at the doll. Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, so now the doll is hidden behind the screen.

　　但問題是，小寶寶已經(jīng)看到玩偶了，所以，他是知道那里有個(gè)玩偶的。

　　But the baby has already seen the doll and, so, knows it's there.

　　嗯，接著調(diào)查人員拿出第二個(gè)玩偶，刻意地讓小寶寶看見把第二個(gè)玩偶也放在擋板后面，和第一個(gè)玩偶在一起。

　　Well, then the researcher takes a second doll and very obviously places it behind the screen with the first one.

　　好的，那么現(xiàn)在是有兩個(gè)玩偶在擋板后面，對吧?

　　Ok, so now you have two dolls behind the screen, right?

　　嗯，不對，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T偷偷地拿走了其中一個(gè)玩偶。

　　Well, no, cause what the researcher did was they secretly took away one of the dolls.

　　然后，當(dāng)他們把擋板升起的時(shí)候，小寶寶，呃，本來是期待能看到兩個(gè)玩偶的，對吧?

　　And then when they raised the screen back up, the baby, well, it expects to see two dolls, right?

　　但是，實(shí)際情況是，只有一個(gè)玩偶在那里!

　　But there's only one there!

　　大家猜猜接著會怎么樣?小寶寶露出了驚訝的神情。本來是兩個(gè)，現(xiàn)在卻只看見一個(gè)。

　　And guess what? The baby surprised! It expects two but it only sees one.

　　研究人員是怎么判定小寶寶露出驚訝的神情的呢?

　　How could the researchers tell that the baby surprised?

　　嗯，他們通過照相機(jī)記錄了孩子眼球的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。

　　Well, they recorded the baby's eye movement on camera.

　　我們知道，當(dāng)寶寶對某物表示驚奇的時(shí)候，比如一聲巨響或者意料外的一道閃光，他們會直勾勾地盯著，試圖去發(fā)現(xiàn)響聲或者閃光是從哪里來的。

　　And we know that when a baby is surprised by something, a loud noise or an unexpected flash of light maybe, it stares at where the noise or light is coming from.

　　而在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，寶寶也是這樣的反應(yīng)。

　　And that's what the babies in the experiment did.

　　他們直直地盯著，因?yàn)閷殞氈�如果你加了一個(gè)玩偶，又加了一個(gè)玩偶，你應(yīng)該是有兩個(gè)玩偶。

　　They stared, cause the babies know if you add one doll and one doll, you should have two dolls.

　　所以，當(dāng)寶寶只看到一個(gè)玩偶時(shí)，他們就直直地盯著，因?yàn)橛X得很驚訝。

　　So when it sees one doll, then it stares because it's surprised.