第一部分 英中對照

　　Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about themathematical abilities of babies.

　　請用教授所描述的調(diào)查，解釋科學家從嬰兒的數(shù)學能力中獲得的信息

　　Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

　　現(xiàn)在，請聽某堂心理課上的部分講課內(nèi)容。

　　The professor is discussing the mathematicalcapabilities of babies.

　　教授正在談論有關(guān)嬰兒數(shù)學能力的問題。

　　Scientists have learned some interesting things aboutthe intellectual abilities of babies.

　　科學家們在研究嬰兒的數(shù)學能力時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常有意思的現(xiàn)象。

　　They say there's evidence that babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic, that they can add.

　　他們說，有證據(jù)表明五個月大的嬰兒就能夠做一些基本的算術(shù)。他們會做加法運算。

　　Scientists think babies know one plus one equals two and not one.

　　科學家認為嬰兒知道一加一等于二，不等于一。

　　The evidence is indirect because obviously you can't ask a five-month old baby to add upsome numbers for you.

　　當然這些證據(jù)是間接的。很明顯，你不可能叫一個五歲的嬰兒給你做一些加法算術(shù)題。

　　So they devised an experiment where, um, in this experiment a baby is shown a doll on a table.

　　所以呢，他們設(shè)計了一個實驗。唔，在實驗中，他們給嬰兒展示了一個放在桌子上的玩偶。

　　Ok, so the baby looks at the doll. Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, sonow the doll is hidden behind the screen.

　　是的，那么小寶寶呢就看著這個玩偶。接著，研究人員在玩偶前面放了一個擋板，所以現(xiàn)在呢，玩偶是藏在擋板后面的。

　　But the baby has already seen the doll and, so, knows it's there.

　　但問題是，小寶寶已經(jīng)看到玩偶了，所以，他是知道那里有個玩偶的。

　　Well, then the researcher takes a second doll and very obviously places it behind the screenwith the first one.

　　嗯，接著調(diào)查人員拿出第二個玩偶，刻意地讓小寶寶看見把第二個玩偶也放在擋板后面，和第一個玩偶在一起。

　　Ok, so now you have two dolls behind the screen, right?

　　好的，那么現(xiàn)在是有兩個玩偶在擋板后面，對吧?

　　Well, no, cause what the researcher did was they secretly took away one of the dolls.

　　嗯，不對，因為研究人員偷偷地拿走了其中一個玩偶。

　　And then when they raised the screen back up, the baby, well, it expects to see two dolls, right?

　　然后，當他們把擋板升起的時候，小寶寶，呃，本來是期待能看到兩個玩偶的，對吧?

　　But there's only one there!

　　但是，實際情況是，只有一個玩偶在那里!

　　And guess what? The baby surprised! It expects two but it only sees one.

　　大家猜猜接著會怎么樣?小寶寶露出了驚訝的神情。本來是兩個，現(xiàn)在卻只看見一個。

　　How could the researchers tell that the baby surprised?

　　研究人員是怎么判定小寶寶露出驚訝的神情的呢?

　　Well, they recorded the baby's eye movement on camera.

　　嗯，他們通過照相機記錄了孩子眼球的運動情況。

　　And we know that when a baby is surprised by something, a loud noise or an unexpected flashof light maybe, it stares at where the noise or light is coming from.

　　我們知道，當寶寶對某物表示驚奇的時候，比如一聲巨響或者意料外的一道閃光，他們會直勾勾地盯著，試圖去發(fā)現(xiàn)響聲或者閃光是從哪里來的。

　　And that's what the babies in the experiment did.

　　而在實驗中，寶寶也是這樣的反應。

　　They stared, cause the babies know if you add one doll and one doll, you should have two dolls.

　　他們直直地盯著，因為寶寶知如果你加了一個玩偶，又加了一個玩偶，你應該是有兩個玩偶。

　　So when it sees one doll, then it stares because it's surprised.

　　所以，當寶寶只看到一個玩偶時，他們就直直地盯著，因為覺得很驚訝。