Part III: Reading Comprehension (40%)

　　Passage 1

　　Questions 33 to 37 are based on the following passage:

　　In the past, operations were difficult. Until the middle of the eighteen fifties, surgery was very dangerous. Many patients died after even the smallest operations. This was because bacteria entered the cuts in the patients’ bodied and started infection. In some countries, up to 90 percent of patients died from infection after operations. In 1865, however, Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, found an answer to the problem. He used an “antiseptic” during and after operations. This killed the dangerous bacteria and most of his patients lived. Since then, surgeons have used antiseptics in all operations.

　　Surgery has developed in many important ways since the day of Joseph Lister. Today, when patients go to hospital for an operation, they can expect the best treatment, in clean and hygienic conditions.

　　33. Operations were difficult and dangerous until_______.

　　A.1850

　　B. the middle of 1850

　　C. the middle of the fifties of the eighteenth century

　　D. the middle of the fifties of the nineteenth century

　　34. In the passage, surgery means__________.

　　A. The performing of an operation B. cure

　　C. treatment D. medicine

　　35. In the past, up to 90 percent of patients died after operations mainly because__________.

　　A. bacteria entered the cuts in the patients’ bodies and infection took place

　　B. the conditions in hospitals were bad

　　C. the skill of surgeons was not so good

　　D. there were no good medicine at that time

　　36. Which topic of the following best suits the passage?

　　A. Operations were difficult in the past

　　B. The devotion of Joseph Lister to medical science

　　C. Surgery has become safer

　　D. Developments in surgery

　　37. Joseph Lister was________.

　　A. a Frenchman B. a German C. an Englishman D. an American

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 38 to 42 are based on the following passage:

　　Some 4000 Americans ambitions to become physicians are studying for their M. D. s abroad. Many were rejected by U.S. medical schools simply because there was no room. Last year, for example, some 13,000 of 35,000 would-be physicians who applied to U.S. schools were accepted. Of those who were turned down, well over 600 are trying the foreign route.

　　But gaining admittance to a good foreign school may be a problem. British medical schools give priority to Britons , and Canada’s world-renowned McGill University School of Medicine takes only a handful of well qualified Americans annually. But several schools do welcome U.S. medical students---if they can master the local language. More than 500 Americans are enrolled in the Belgian universities at Brussels and Louvain , for example. Some 800 attend the Italian University at Bologna; 175 at Rome. Mexico’s Autonomous University of Guadalajara numbers 1,300 gringos among its 4,000 students.

　　Despite difficulties abroad, many Americans complete their medical educations, and manage to win the respect of their professors and classmates. One second-year student at Louvain has a simple explanation for those successes: “ Anyone who comes here to be motivated. You have to learn a new language, the school is constant hard work, and it’s difficult to get back into the States to practice”.

　　Before they can intern or practice in the United States, graduates of foreign schools must pass a special examination required by medical-education authorities. The tough test is designed primarily to weed out those who are unable to speak English or whose medical education is not up to U.S. standards.

　　38. Which of the following is true about U.S. would-be physicians?

　　A. America medical schools have superfluous applicants

　　B. language is a big problem all the American students applying to foreign medical schools have to face.

　　C. Graduates from both American and foreign medical schools should take the same test before practice

　　D. As many as one-third of last year’s applicants of medical schools are now applying to foreign schools

　　39. Which is following is true about foreign medical education ?

　　A. A lot of foreign medical schools do not welcome U.S. students simply because they have to consider the applicants form their own countries first.

　　B. To enter foreign medical schools is much easier than to gain admittance into American medical schools if the problem of language is not regarded.

　　C. There are not many good foreign medical schools according to American students

　　D. There are so many difficulties in studying abroad that not many American students become successful in foreign medical schools

　　40. Which of the following is one of the difficulties the American students at foreign, medical schools have to face.

　　A. Living and medical conditions in foreign countries are not so good as those in America.

　　B. There is racial discrimination against them.

　　C. They are given no opportunities to practice at local places.

　　D. They are treated the same as foreign physicians and medical school graduates when trying to go back to America to practice.

　　41. What does the word “gringos” mean?

　　A. Americans. B. Foreigners C. Americans in Mexico D. Mexicans

　　42. Which of the following can be the title of this passage?

　　A. Foreign Medical Schools.

　　B. Life at Foreign Medical Schools

　　C. The tough Foreign Route

　　D. American Would-be Physicians at Foreign Schools.