2017年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫(xiě)作練習(xí)題：城鄉(xiāng)差距

　　Some findings have revealed that cities around the world are growing large. Could you outline the possible causes and predict consequences?

　　概述：城市化是一個(gè)越來(lái)越受關(guān)注的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。城市化(urbanization or urban sprawl)是指農(nóng)村地區(qū)建立城鎮(zhèn)，或者是城市不斷地向農(nóng)村擴(kuò)展(expansive growth of a metropolitan area)。

　　題目解析：

　　城市化的原因：

　　•人口增加和移民(an unprecedented population growth and migration)造成基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備不足(devoid of basic amenities),導(dǎo)致原有的基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)費(fèi)不足，城市條件惡化(urban decay),于是城市居民開(kāi) 始遷居城外，導(dǎo)致城市的擴(kuò)展;

　　•隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和家庭收人的提高(strong economy and increasing household incomes),人們 開(kāi)始喜歡低密度的住宅區(qū)(strong preference for lower-density housing);同時(shí)，由于人們可以 支付得起汽車(chē)等交通的費(fèi)用(able to afford the automobile),這也使得人們更易遷居城外;

　　•城市規(guī)劃不當(dāng)(bad city planning)導(dǎo)致道路的建設(shè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的擴(kuò)建(construction of roads and the provision of infrastructure)與地區(qū)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)(unplanned development),最終使得城市 居民遷居城外。

　　城市化所造成的影響：

　　•環(huán)境影響(environmental impact)：郊區(qū)的景觀千篇一律(monotonous suburban landscapes);空 氣污染,有害健康(ill-health due to air pollution generated by traffic);

　　•社會(huì)影響(social impact):城市人口流動(dòng)增大(high mobility)會(huì)導(dǎo)致犯罪率的上升(a surge in the crime rate),人們不會(huì)有社區(qū)的感覺(jué)(sense of community),人與人之間的關(guān)系比較短暫 (abbreviated),社區(qū)的團(tuán)結(jié)和價(jià)值不復(fù)存在(loss of community spirit and values);

　　•經(jīng)濟(jì)影響(economic impact):在郊區(qū)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施導(dǎo)致政府財(cái)政壓力(adverse fiscal impacts),對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的要求不能夠被滿(mǎn)足(unmet demand on infrastructure);交通堵塞(traffic congestion )影響工作效率，延誤商品和服務(wù)的輸送(delay the delivery of goods and services)。

　　范文

　　Of those issues that have concerned the government, academics and the public throughout the world, urban sprawl is one of the most prominent. There are conflicting views toward this growing trend. While it has been taken as a positive development in many newly emerging cities, it is increasingly perceived as a threat to rural environment and considered as a trigger for numerous urban problems. The objective of this essay is to evaluate the forces behind this trend and its consequences.

　　Population growth is widely recognized as the primary reason. The room in the city centre is so limited that it fails to provide enough housing to accommodate an ever-growing population. Another problem that has intensified in the inner city is infrastructure shortage and poor conditions of buildings. Lack amenities, such as water and electricity supply, waste disposal, swage treatment, to name but a few, has left no choice to urban dwellers but to resettle in the suburbs, where they have easier access to new facilities.

　　City dwellers are not always moving outward unwillingly. The continued increase in household incomes gives renewed impetus to urban development. People nowadays have higher expectations for quality of life and a growing appetite for lower-density housing with a larger open space. It is possibly the main reason why the real estate market has its focus now on the outskirts of the city, but not on the centre. In the meantime, the affordability and ubiquity of car ownership has made transport a less serious concern for those living in suburbs. They can commute daily between the place of work and the place of residence with ease.

　　The sustained expansion of cities will make a marked impact on the society in several dimensions. The high traffic volume between suburbs and urban areas would cause severe air pollution and reduce the lands suitable for farming. Urban sprawl requires large developments, causing areas to lose some of their unique qualities and characteristics. From the economic perspective, the relocation of a high population in suburbs will pose adverse fiscal impacts on the local government in infrastructure construction. To those who used to live in suburbs, the inflow of new inhabitants would damage the community spirit and make relations between neighbours fragile.

　　Urban sprawl is, therefore, a trend which has a strong effect on the environment, communities and government budgeting. When urban decay and citizens' desire for higher standard of living make this trend irreversible, the emphasis should be placed on planned and sustainable development.