Section B

　　Passage One

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we can not afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of "salable skills". What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are cet6w.com, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. What's more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.

　　A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lion's den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable skills, and can't make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.

　　52. From the passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of_________ .

　　A) teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market

　　B) a flexible curriculum that changes with the times

　　C) a liberal education

　　D) keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market

　　53. The word "fluctuate"(Line 5,Para.1) most probably means__________ .

　　A) remain steady B) change in an irregular way

　　C) follow a set pattern D) become worse and worse

　　54. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?

　　A) A person with the ability to learn by himself.

　　B) A construction worker.

　　C) A car repairman.

　　D) A person with quite a few salable skills.

　　55. According to the author, in developing a curriculum school should __________ .

　　A) predict the salability of skills in the future job market

　　B) take the current job market into consideration

　　C) consider what skills are salable

　　D) focus on the ability to adapt to changes

　　56. We can learn from the passage that____________________ .

　　A) liberal arts education is being challenged now

　　B) schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times

　　C) extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning

　　D) many students feel cheated by the educational system

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses'pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.

　　These reforms have been widely adopted by American's larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.

　　Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsides spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.

　　All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr.Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, "independent" boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performance.

　　To assess the impact of performance related pay, Mr.Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over $1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher's big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a company's overall success.

　　In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage-which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.

　　2016年下半年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)口語考試報(bào)名通知     口語考試報(bào)名補(bǔ)充說明

 　  2016年12月英語六級(jí)報(bào)名時(shí)間            2016年12月六級(jí)模擬練習(xí)三十套

　　57. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?

　　A) To diversify the business of the corporation.

　　B) To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.

　　C) To introduce effective reforms in business management.

　　D) To protect the interests of the shareholders.

　　58. What does Professor James Westphal's study suggest?

　　A) Boardroom reforms have cet6w.com the desired result.

　　B) Outside board directors tend to be more independent.

　　C) With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.

　　D) Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.

　　59. The word "seduction"(Line 1,Para.4) probably means " ____________________ ".

　　A) efforts to conquer

　　B) attempts to win over

　　C) endeavors to increase profits

　　D) exertions to understand

　　60. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A) Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.

　　B) The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.

　　C) Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.

　　D) The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.

　　61. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?

　　A) Doubtful. B) Optimistic. C) Positive. D) Approving.

　　Section B

　　Passage one

　　52. C 觀點(diǎn)判斷題本題測(cè)試對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的理解，解題時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)各段大意判斷。第一段首先介紹了反對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)文科的觀點(diǎn)，然后分析"暢銷技能"的多變性。第二段首先談學(xué)校只提供"暢銷技能"的危害性，然后談比較好的做法。根據(jù)文章的結(jié)尾，尤其是最后一句(Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills)，可知作者贊成文科教育。

　　53. B 猜測(cè)詞義題問題問第一段中 "fluctuate"是什么意思。該詞所在句的前一句作者列舉了掌握汽車制cet6w.com暢銷的例子,這一技能曾經(jīng)暢銷幾十年并且或許還會(huì)暢銷,接著作者說技能是銷路變化的另一個(gè)例子,因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)的變化。聯(lián)系上下文語義,即可推知fluctuate是 "無規(guī)律變化"之意。

　　54. A 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題解題依據(jù)為文章第二段第三句"But if those skills were more than salable...soon enough."其大意為：如果那些技能不僅僅有銷路，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓cet6w.com周圍世界并適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那他們就沒有被騙。進(jìn)而作者得出最后結(jié)論"Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.(學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)是文科最高技能之一。)"由此我們可推知，在失業(yè)率高的時(shí)候，有獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)能力者最可能找到工作。

　　55. D 細(xì)節(jié)推論題解題依據(jù)為文章最后一段倒數(shù)第四句"Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill."據(jù)此我們可推知作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校在設(shè)置課程時(shí), 應(yīng)注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界的能力和學(xué)習(xí)新東西的能力, 也就是選項(xiàng)D所述之意。

　　56. A 推論判斷題本題可用排除法解題。選項(xiàng)B(教實(shí)用技能的學(xué)校在困難時(shí)期過得更好)文章未提及; 選項(xiàng)C(課外活動(dòng)比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要)文章也未提及; 選項(xiàng)D(許多學(xué)生感到被教育體制所騙)在文章中只是一種假設(shè); 只有選項(xiàng)A(文科教育正受到挑戰(zhàn))正是文章討論的話題,作者在最后提及了文科教育應(yīng)教給學(xué)生們什么,由此可推知A正確。

　　Passage Two

　　57. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題依據(jù)為本文第一段第一、二句"Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent."此句大意為:在過去的十年里,美國(guó)公司力圖尋求方法以阻止資深管理者以犧牲股東利益為代價(jià)損公肥私的行為。為此采取了最流行的三種改革措施，如招錄外來董事以使董事會(huì)更加獨(dú)立。由此我們可推知招錄外來董事的目的是為了保護(hù)股東的利益。其中to feather their own nests意為"構(gòu)筑自己的窩";at the expense of their shareholders意為"以股東的利益為代價(jià)"。

　　58. A 細(xì)節(jié)推論題文章第二段最后一句"the consequences have differed from those intended"表明改革的結(jié)果是事與愿違，這是一個(gè)總的結(jié)論。第三、四、五段是具體說明，主要是引用了Westphal的調(diào)查結(jié)果。因此，本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是A。

　　59. B 詞義判斷題文章第三段最后講外來董事會(huì)的老板們會(huì)花很多時(shí)間建立聯(lián)盟,施惠于個(gè)人以討好外來董事,第四段開始接著說這些手段通常是成功的,由此我們可以推知老板的這些手段是為了爭(zhēng)取外來董事而結(jié)成聯(lián)盟, 進(jìn)而可推知B正確。

　　60. C 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題本題可用排除法。選項(xiàng)A(公司高層應(yīng)拿高薪)文章未提及; 選項(xiàng)B(公司高層的收入與公司增長(zhǎng)的利潤(rùn)成比例)也未提及; 選項(xiàng)D(公司高層的表現(xiàn)比那些股東更會(huì)影響其自身利益)文章同樣未提及; 選項(xiàng)C(公司高層傾cet6w.com肥己)與文章第五段最后一句所述之意相符。

　　61. A 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題縱觀全文,作者所述三項(xiàng)改革舉措并未收到預(yù)期的效果,反而適得其反,事與愿違,由此我們可判斷作者對(duì)其最終的結(jié)果顯然持懷疑態(tài)度，故正確答案為A,B選項(xiàng)(樂觀的)、C選項(xiàng)(肯定的)和D選項(xiàng)(贊成的)均排除。