Passage Four?

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:?

　　Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they cet6w.com on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting. Extreme long shots were adopted to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His exploration produced amazing dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly make the emphasis change from camera shot to camera shot.?

　　Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow such a story, Griffith persisted and experimented and these practices have become standard ever since. ?

　　Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues. When he made a new movie in 1911, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time. Griffith’s cet6w.com American-made multi-reel picture began an immense revolution.?

　　36.The primary purpose of the passage is to ____.?

　　A) discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of cinema?

　　B) describe the impact on cinema of the flashbacks and other editing innovations?

　　C) show Griffith’s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films?

　　D) criticize the state of American cinema before the Griffith?

　　37.The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following except ____.?

　　A) film editing C) camera work?B) scene composing D) sound editing?

　　38.It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was ____.?

　　A) 15 minutes or less?

　　B) between 30 and 45 minutes?

　　C) between 15 and 30 minutes?

　　D) one hour or more?

　　39.It can be inferred that Griffith would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements??

　　A) The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.?

　　B) The most important element contributing to a film’s success is the ability of the actors.?

　　C) The camera should be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film. ?

　　D) The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.?

　　40.The author’s attitude toward photography in the cinema before Griffith can be best described as ____.?

　　A) sympathetic B) amused?C) nostalgic D) condescending

　　內(nèi)容概要: 本文描述了著名導(dǎo)演David W Griffith為電影發(fā)展作出的巨大成就。Griffith創(chuàng)新了電影的拍攝手法，使用遠(yuǎn)景和近景，長(zhǎng)鏡頭和特寫，制造出令人稱奇的戲劇效果。他還通過(guò)富有創(chuàng)意的電影剪輯，糅和各種意象，變換表現(xiàn)速度和節(jié)奏，控制故事展開(kāi)的戲劇效果。除了對(duì)電影表現(xiàn)手法的改革，Griffith還拓寬了電影題材。他引入了名作改編電影和關(guān)于社會(huì)問(wèn)題的作品，并首次將一部電影的長(zhǎng)度延長(zhǎng)到四盤電影膠片，而通常電影的長(zhǎng)度只有一盤膠片長(zhǎng)。?

　　36.【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】本文的主旨在于論述Griffith對(duì)于電影發(fā)展的重要性。?

　　【試題分析】綜合判斷題，本題要求考生通讀全文，抓住主題句，了解文章大意。?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】本文第一段是關(guān)于Griffith在電影攝影方面的創(chuàng)新，第二段是關(guān)于他的獨(dú)特電影剪輯，第三段則是他對(duì)電影題材和長(zhǎng)度的革新，總體看來(lái)，全文都在展示Griffith對(duì)于電影發(fā)展的重要性，所以答案A)是正確的。答案B)本文是為了描述倒敘和其它電影剪輯創(chuàng)新對(duì)電影業(yè)的重大影響,答案C)本文是為了展示Griffith對(duì)美國(guó)電影題材選擇的重大影響都只反映了文章的部分內(nèi)容，答案D)批評(píng)Griffith以前的美國(guó)電影狀況與原文不符。?

　　37.【答案】D。?

　　【譯文】作者提出Griffith的電影創(chuàng)新對(duì)下列各個(gè)方面都產(chǎn)生直接作用，除了音響剪輯。?

　　【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題，在文中找出相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，排除不相干的答案。?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】原文第二段提到：“Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing”，Griffith通過(guò)富有創(chuàng)意的電影剪輯獲得戲劇效果，所以答案A)電影剪輯應(yīng)該排除。第一段提到：“By 1910, he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting. Extreme long shots were adopted to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance”，他運(yùn)用特寫鏡頭表現(xiàn)場(chǎng)景的細(xì)節(jié)，長(zhǎng)鏡頭表現(xiàn)壯觀的場(chǎng)景和遠(yuǎn)景，因此Griffith在場(chǎng)景安排和攝影方面都有創(chuàng)新，這樣答案B)場(chǎng)景安排和答案C)攝影都應(yīng)予以排除，只剩下D)音響剪輯是正確答案，因?yàn)槲闹袥](méi)有提及Gfriffith在這方面的成就。?

　　38.【答案】A。?

　　【譯文】從文中可以推斷出1910年前通常一部電影的放映時(shí)間是15分鐘或更短。?

　　【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題，通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算得出答案。?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】見(jiàn)原文最后一段，“When he made a new movie in 1911, he insisted that a subject of importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. One of his movies reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time”，1911年，Griffith拍了一部新片，他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)一部重大題材影片不應(yīng)該只有傳統(tǒng)的一盤膠片的長(zhǎng)度，他的一部新片達(dá)到了前所未有的四盤膠片的長(zhǎng)度，即一個(gè)小時(shí)。傳統(tǒng)的電影只有一盤膠片的長(zhǎng)度，而四盤膠片放一個(gè)小時(shí)，那么據(jù)此可計(jì)算出傳統(tǒng)電影的長(zhǎng)度不超過(guò)15分鐘，因此正確答案應(yīng)該是A)。?

　　39.【答案】C。?

　　【譯文】從文中可以推斷出Griffith最可能同意如下觀點(diǎn)：攝影應(yīng)當(dāng)被看作是電影創(chuàng)作中一個(gè)不可或缺的、活躍的要素。?

　　【試題分析】判斷推理題，根據(jù)原文細(xì)節(jié)判斷觀點(diǎn)正誤。?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】答案A)好導(dǎo)演會(huì)盡快嘗試探索新思想，盡管Griffith嘗試創(chuàng)新，但這并不能直接推理出A)觀點(diǎn);答案B)使電影成功的最重要要素是演員的能力在文中并未提及;答案D)電影應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)人類根本問(wèn)題的探索與原文不符，因?yàn)镚riffith的電影題材非常廣泛，文中最后一段說(shuō)“His early movies included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatment of social issues”，他的早期影片不僅包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的喜劇、情節(jié)劇、西部片和驚險(xiǎn)片，還包括勃朗寧和丁尼生的作品改編電影和社會(huì)問(wèn)題題材的電影。答案C)攝影應(yīng)當(dāng)被看作是電影創(chuàng)作中一個(gè)不可或缺的、活躍的要素是正確答案，因?yàn)镚riffith在攝影方面作了很多努力，以獲得更好的戲劇效果。?

　　40.【答案】D。?

　　【譯文】作者對(duì)Griffith之前的電影攝影的態(tài)度是帶著優(yōu)越感的。?

　　【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】原文這樣在第一段提到Griffith之前的電影攝影：“Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they cet6w.com on stage”，那時(shí)的電影攝影僅僅是把演員放到靜止的攝像機(jī)前，拍下他們的全身像，就象他們站在舞臺(tái)上的樣子。從這句話的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)看，作者暗示這樣做很落后，很呆板，所以他的態(tài)度是帶著優(yōu)越感的，認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代的攝影技術(shù)要高得多，所以正確答案是D)。答案A)同情感情色彩過(guò)濃，答案B)有趣的和答案C)懷舊的顯然與原文不符。