Passage 3

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism / evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.?

　　The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When cet6w.com is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.?

　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism I evolution debate.

　　31.More than twenty books ____.

　　A) are intended to support creationism?

　　B) are intended to attack Kitcher?

　　C) are written in a style of clarity and effectiveness?

　　D) include Kitcher’s hook?

　　32.“Creationism” in the passage refers to ______.

　　A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe?

　　B) a notion of the creation of religion?

　　C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation?

　　D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe?

　　33.Kitcher’s book is intended to ______.

　　A) recommend the views of the evolutionists B) expose the true features of creationists?

　　C) curse bitterly at his opponents D) launch a surprise attack on creationists?

　　34.From the passage we can infer that ______.

　　A) reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate?

　　B) creationists do not base their argument on reasoning?

　　C) evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists?

　　D) creationism is supported by scientific findings?

　　35.This passage appears to be a digest of ______.

　　A) a book review B) a scientific paper?

　　C) a magazine feature D) a newspaper editorial?

　　Passage Three 短文大意：有20本書是關(guān)于世界起源理論的。所謂的科學(xué)的世界起源理論是以宗教為依據(jù)的，而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的。Kitcher的書有力地批駁了這一偽科學(xué)的理論，揭露了創(chuàng)世說的本質(zhì)。這本書的寫作風(fēng)格清晰明了、生動有力。

　　31. 【參考譯文】在二十多本書中____�！驹囶}分析】本題測試的是文章的細節(jié)部分�！驹敿毥獯稹緼項“旨在支持creationism”。B項“旨在攻擊Kitcher”。文章首段講了20本書是關(guān)于creationism的，其目的是向迷惑不解的百姓解釋關(guān)于世界的起源沒有兩種正確的科學(xué)理論。顯然A、B不可選。C項“寫作風(fēng)格清晰明了，生動有力”是指Kitcher 的書的寫作風(fēng)格，即第三段首句的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于creationism的書有20本，Kitcher的書是其中之一，因此，第二段詳細介紹Kitcher的書，所以D項為正確答案。

　　32. 【參考譯文】短文中creationism指的是____�！驹囶}分析】本題考查的是根據(jù)短文推測詞義的能力�！驹敿毥獯稹慷涛牡谝欢沃姓f：這些書的目的是盡力向被弄糊涂和缺乏知識的老百姓解釋關(guān)于宇宙和生命的起源和發(fā)展兩種同等正確的科學(xué)理論。…“科學(xué)的”世界起源理論…是以宗教為依據(jù)而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的(“Scientific” creationism … is based on religion, not science), scientific帶上引號說明不是真正科學(xué)的，而是假的或是自我標(biāo)榜的。另外，第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的…their deception and distortion也提供了依據(jù)，故選項D正確。A項“政治意義上的關(guān)于宇宙起源的理論”，B項“宗教上的創(chuàng)世紀概念”，C項“對地球形成的科學(xué)解釋”均不是正確答案。

　　33. 【參考譯文】Kitcher的書意在____。【試題分析】本題是對文章段落的整體理解進行考查�！驹敿毥獯稹勘疚牡诙�段具體介紹Kitcher’s book各個章節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容：第一章對creation力量進行了介紹，并適當(dāng)引出了對creationists的批評。在最后三章里，作者takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating;作者還向那些不了解creationists的人描述了他們的programs and tactics(欺騙手法)，這一切充分說明了Kitcher’s book(B)旨在揭露creationists的本質(zhì)特征。A項介紹evolutionists的觀點，C項猛烈抨擊他的對手，D項向creationists發(fā)動突然襲擊，均非本題的正確答案。

　　34. 【參考譯文】從短文中我們能夠推知____�！驹囶}分析】本題為間接推理題。【詳細解答】本題要求考生根據(jù)文章推出一定的結(jié)論。短文第一段中明確說明了所謂科學(xué)的creationism是以宗教為依據(jù)，而不是以科學(xué)為依據(jù)的 (… is based on religion, not science)。宗教的東西不可能是科學(xué)的邏輯推理，因此B項(creationists的論據(jù)不是以邏輯推理為基礎(chǔ)的)是正確答案。從全文看，作者列舉了大量證據(jù)，包括Kitcher’s book的內(nèi)容，有力地批駁了creationists的所謂理論，從這方面看也可以判定creationist的論據(jù)缺乏合理性。A項“邏輯推理在辯論中起了決定性作用”，C項“進化理論對非專業(yè)者來說太難”，D項“創(chuàng)世說理論得到了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的支持�！本�與原文不符。

　　35. 【參考譯文】本文象是____摘要。【試題分析】本題測試的是了解分析推理能力�！驹敿毥獯稹款}目問本文象什么摘要。A項“書評”，B項“科學(xué)論文”，C項“雜志”，D項“社論”。本文在開頭介紹了所有書的寫作目的(try to explain …);接著介紹了Kitcher的書的主要內(nèi)容，介紹了Kitcher其人及其論據(jù)為什么清晰易懂，作后還介紹了書的護封上某名人的評價。綜上所述，本文最象書評摘要，而不可能是其他三個選項。