2016年6月英語四級全真模擬題(5)

　　Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)?

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:?

　　We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “l(fā)ucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “ dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.?“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for”is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. ?

　　21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____. ?

　　A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him ?

　　B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly ?

　　C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend ?

　　D) is sorry that his friends let him down ?

　　22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____. ?

　　A) is just being friendly ?

　　B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.” ?

　　C) is humorous to apply the word “dog”to people ?

　　D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words ?

　　23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____. ?

　　A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye ?

　　B) to listen to how he pronounces his words

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)?

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:?

　　We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

　　Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “l(fā)ucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.?

　　“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

　　How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

　　? 21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____. ?

　　A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

　　? B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly ?

　　C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend ?

　　D) is sorry that his friends let him down

　　? 22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____. ?

　　A) is just being friendly

　　? B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.” ?

　　C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people ?

　　D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words

　　? 23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____. ?

　　A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye ?

　　B) to listen to how he pronounces his words

　　C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture ?

　　D) not to believe what he says

　　? 24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.

　　A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaning ?

　　B) get along well with people ?

　　C) trust what other people say

　　 D) have no doubts about our friends

　　25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____. ?

　　A) avoid mistakes about both money and people ?

　　B) say things elegantly

　　 C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you ?

　　D) keep people friendly without trusting them ?

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

　　? Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.

　　You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.

　　? 26.The stages of sleep take on ____. ?

　　A) an irregular aspect. ? B) a regular aspect ? C) a punctual aspect ? D) a similar aspect

　　? 27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____. ?

　　A) about 80 minutes

　　? B) about 40?60 minutes

　　? C) about 30 munutes

　　? D) about 20?40 minutes

　　? 28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____. ?

　　A) stage 1 ?B) stage 2 and stage 3 C) stage 4 D) REM sleep

　　? 29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____. ?

　　A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop moving?D) gaze

　　? 30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.

　　? A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes ?

　　B) you have the deepest sleep ?

　　C) there are no brain waves

　　? D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active ?

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:?

　　Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.

　　The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass?produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19th?century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind. ?

　　31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.

　　? A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known

　　? B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found

　　? C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results

　　? D) both A and C

　　? 32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____. ?

　　A) to trap the opponent's lenses ?

　　B) to focus light with lenses

　　? C) to hand?make lenses at low cost

　　? D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

　　? 33.After the passage the author will talk about ____. ?

　　A) the principles of designing lenses ?

　　B) techniques of making contact lenses ?

　　C) the design of photographic lenses

　　? D) styles of lenses

　　? 34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?

　　? A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. ? D) Unpopular. ?

　　35.Lens designers today ____.

　　? A) have a large source of help to fall back on ? B) receive a low salary

　　? C) are less respectable than those of the past ? D) are not decisive in the lens design

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: ?

　　Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.

　　The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology. ?

　　In Part Ⅱ,a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified. ?

　　Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience. ?

　　36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____. ?

　　A) a technical writing handbook ? B) a handbook on composition ?

　　C) a book on a literary writing ? D) a scientific paper

　　? 37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.

　　? A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports

　　? B) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics

　　? C) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems

　　? D) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics ?

　　38.You can find some writing exercises in ____. ?

　　A) the chapter on Organization ? B) the chapter on Style

　　? C) the chapter on Special Problems ? D) the chapter on Proposals

　　? 39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book. ?

　　A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition ? B) Part Ⅱ of the second edition ?

　　C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition ? D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition

　　? 40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition? ?

　　A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.

　　? B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded. ?

　　C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter. ?

　　D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.

　　Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

　　Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. ?

　　41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them at half price. ?

　　A) More than　B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than

　　? 42.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical ____. ?

　　A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment ?

　　43.He ____ him what he asked. ?

　　A) denied B) refuted vC) ignored D) deprived

　　? 44.The book does not ____ children. ?

　　A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to

　　? 45.We have every size of shoe in ____. ?

　　A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop

　　? 46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods. ?

　　A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame

　　? 47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word. ?

　　A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for

　　? 48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s. ?

　　A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed

　　? 49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer. ?

　　A) according as B) according to C) accordingly ?D) in accord

　　? 50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child. ?

　　A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted ?D) corrected

　　? 51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.

　　? A) arising B) raising C) arousing ?D) rising

　　? 52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago. ?

　　A) By and large B) In detail C) By no means ?D) By and by

　　? 53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the colour of his skin. ?

　　A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case of ?D) for the sake of

　　? 54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945. ?

　　A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than ?

　　55.Books are ____ to scholars. ?

　　A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound to ?D) accustomed to

　　? 56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.

　　A) To face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with

　　? 57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French. ?

　　A) were B) are C) is D) have been

　　? 58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you had it cut. ?

　　A) cut B) cutting C) to cutD) being cut

　　? 59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.

　　? A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy

　　? 60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had much better language training than I.

　　? A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom

　　61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday. ?

　　A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone

　　? 62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.

　　? A) The more complex a subject becomes ?

　　B) The more becomes a subject complex ?

　　C) A subject becomes the more complex ?

　　D) The more subjects become essential ?

　　63.Close the door, ____ ? ?

　　A) will you B) do you C) shall you ?D) don't you

　　? 64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain. ?

　　A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived

　　C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he ?

　　65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.

　　? A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut

　　C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed

　　? 66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.

　　? A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing

　　? 67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again. ?

　　A) since B) when C) until D) before

　　? 68.He is younger than ____. ?

　　A) any other boy in the class ? B) any boy in the class ?

　　C) all boys in the class D) you and me as well as the class

　　? 69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.

　　? A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever

　　70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.

　　? A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding

　　C) must have misunderstood ?D) had to misunderstand ?

　　Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions:

　　In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.

　　? 71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)

　　? 72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)

　　? 73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)

　　? 74. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)

　　? 75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4, Para.4,the Last Sentence)

　　Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions:In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Lay?offs(下崗) in State?owned Enterprises”. The first sentence is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet. ?

　　Lay?offs in State?owned Enterprises ?

　　1. 下崗是改革的需要; ?

　　2. 下崗會帶來的問題;

　　?3. 如何對待下崗所帶來的問題;

　　答案 Part Ⅱ ? 1

　　?短文大意?

　　? 本文與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活關(guān)系十分密切。在與人交談時，應(yīng)該體會說話者真正的意思，而不應(yīng)該只看表面意思，否則會造成誤解�？匆豢凑f話者的表情、眼神、說話的腔調(diào)，以及站立(或坐)的姿勢，看看這些是否與其語言相符合，這樣將會避免誤解。 ? 21.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 作者回憶起與他的朋友之間發(fā)生的事情，他會…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查對第一段的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 第一段倒數(shù)第二句說：“當(dāng)我們回顧往事時，象這樣的疑惑 (即猜不透他人 的真正意思 )會使我們感到糟糕�！睋�(jù)此以及第一段中的往事可推知當(dāng)他回憶他和朋友之間 發(fā)生的幾件事時，他感到可能沒有覺察出朋友們對他的真正感情，故 B正確。 ?

　　22.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 有人說“ You're a lucky dog.”時，他真正的含義是…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查結(jié)合上下文對句子的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 第二段的倒數(shù)第四句說 lucky dog“有點(diǎn)嫉妒之意”，因“dog”有點(diǎn)貶低 人，故 D正確而C錯。而“You're a lucky guy.”or“You're a lucky gal.”卻表示友好之意，故A和B皆錯。

　　? 23.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 聽人說話時，重要的是把他所說的與他的表情、語調(diào)、姿勢相對照。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查對最后一段的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 見最后一段開頭的幾個問句。 ?

　　24.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 要是你接受作者的建議，你會怎么做。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查對全文主旨的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 由最后兩句話可知，作者建議我們仔細(xì)掂量以確定對方的真正含義，所以 應(yīng)選 A。

　　?【作者建議】此題也可用排除法。 ?

　　25.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 本文力圖告訴你如何避免誤解別人對你講的話。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查對作者寫作意圖的了解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 文章第一段舉例說明我們在領(lǐng)會他人真正的意思上犯有錯誤， 接著舉例 說明人們所說的話是怎樣掩蓋了他們真正的意思，最后一段告訴我們?nèi)绾晤I(lǐng)會他人的真 正意思。全文都是圍繞“如何領(lǐng)會他人暗含之意”展開的，據(jù)此可推知 C正確。

　　2

　　?短文大意?

　　? 本文所涉及的是關(guān)于睡眠的幾個階段及其在各處階段的具體表現(xiàn)。一般睡眠經(jīng)歷四個時相(階段)的循環(huán)，第一時相即剛?cè)胨瘯r，眼球運(yùn)動較頻繁，體溫略有下降，肌肉松弛，呼吸減慢而更有規(guī)律。大腦波減慢在開始的幾分鐘之內(nèi)以頻率很高的快波為主，接著的半小時左右，從第二時相進(jìn)入第三時相睡眠，身體更放松，然后再過40至60分鐘會進(jìn)入最深睡眠，即第四時相。第四時相的深度睡眠并不持續(xù)整個晚上，安睡80分鐘后，大腦活動又會輕微加強(qiáng)，眼球開始在眼皮底下轉(zhuǎn)動，這一階段持續(xù)8——15分鐘，稱為快波睡眠，身體迅速放松，睡眠會又一次由第一時相到第四時相，80分鐘之后再次回到即將醒來的狀態(tài)。 ?

　　26.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 睡眠的幾個階段呈現(xiàn)出…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為理解題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 文章的第二句告訴我們睡眠的不同階段是周期性發(fā)生的，故睡眠的各階段

　　呈現(xiàn)規(guī)則的一面。 ?

　　27.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 第四階段 (時相)睡眠持續(xù)時間為…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為推理題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 根據(jù)文章可知一個睡眠周期大約是 80分鐘，而stage 4 sleep是睡眠的最后階段，它發(fā)生在入睡后大約40至60分鐘時，據(jù)此可推出stage 4 sleep持續(xù)20至40分鐘。

　　? 28.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 腦電波在哪個階段最慢 ? ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句說“睡得越深，腦電波就越慢”，而 stage 4 sleep 是睡得最深的，故腦電波也是最慢的。 ?

　　29.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 第二段中“ dart”一詞意為……

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測單詞意義的能力。 ?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】 dart的后文說“眼睛好像看著發(fā)生在眼前的事”，又說“這種快速移動眼睛的階段叫 REM sleep”，據(jù)此可知dart意為move quickly or suddenly(飛快地移動)。glare怒目而視;gaze凝視。 ?

　　30.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 快波睡眠的特點(diǎn)之一是…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查細(xì)節(jié)推理能力。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 從第二段第一、二句可知大腦運(yùn)動水平會再度略有提高，而 delta波消失， 取代的是腦電波運(yùn)動圖形。據(jù)此可知腦電波變得快了一點(diǎn)，大腦活躍些。而大的緩波和睡得 最深是 stage 4 sleep的特征，rapid for the first few minutes是stage 1 sleep的特征，整個睡眠階段都是有腦電波的，故A，B和C皆錯。 ?

　　【作者建議】此題可用排除法。

　　? 3

　　?短文大意?

　　? 鏡片設(shè)計(jì)者可以比作棋手：棋手力圖將對手的棋在幾招之內(nèi)落入自己的圈套，鏡片設(shè)計(jì)者試圖捕捉光線。但比起棋手來說，設(shè)計(jì)鏡片者有一個很大的優(yōu)勢，即設(shè)計(jì)者可以自由獲得各種幫助�，F(xiàn)在的鏡片比過去最好的還好而且價格更低，結(jié)構(gòu)更復(fù)雜。這在很大程度上離不開科學(xué)技術(shù)，因?yàn)樽允贾两K，如果只是一個人來設(shè)計(jì)好透鏡都是不切實(shí)際的。 ?

　　31.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 設(shè)計(jì)鏡片與下象棋相似之處在于…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查對文中有關(guān)長句子的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 見文章第一段四至六句，相似之處在于最終目標(biāo)以及達(dá)到目標(biāo)的手段都是 明確的，只是在任一環(huán)節(jié)上所作的任何一項(xiàng)決定都可能導(dǎo)致無數(shù)個結(jié)果。 ?

　　32.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 設(shè)計(jì)鏡片的最終目標(biāo)是…… ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查對有關(guān)句意的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 見文章第三句“創(chuàng)造鏡片時，設(shè)計(jì)者試圖‘捕捉'光線，他們迫使源自物 體某個點(diǎn)的所有光線穿過一組曲度準(zhǔn)確的透鏡，結(jié)果光線集中在影像的一個點(diǎn)上。” ?

　　33.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 接著這段文章之后，作者可能會談到……

　　【試題分析】 此題為推測作者下一步寫作內(nèi)容的題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 第一段的最后一句說“ this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses”，故C正確。contact lenses隱形眼鏡。 ?

　　34.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 下面哪個詞不能用來描述今天的鏡片 ?

　　?【試題分析】 此題為推測題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 第二段第四句說“另外一些其設(shè)計(jì)有百年之老的鏡片現(xiàn)在可以大批量生產(chǎn) 且造價低廉。”根據(jù)此句可推出現(xiàn)在的鏡片還保持著傳統(tǒng)，但并不能推出它們是“不受歡迎 的”。故答案是 D。

　　? 35.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 今天的鏡片設(shè)計(jì)者……

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查考生對最后一段話主要內(nèi)容的理解。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 依據(jù)是第二段的第一句話。 B，C和D文章沒談到。decisive果斷的。?

　　4

　　?短文大意?

　　? 本文是關(guān)于一本書的簡介。該書的第一部分和第二部分各章節(jié)的前后安排以及與之有的 事，該書第二部分在原來第二版的基礎(chǔ)上有一些改動，原來的第 8章“報(bào)告的特例”改為“ 非正式報(bào)告”，還在原來的基礎(chǔ)上重寫了“建議”這一章，并在內(nèi)容上有所擴(kuò)充，還增加了新的章節(jié)。

　　36.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 本文最有可能是什么書的前言。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查由文章內(nèi)容推測其領(lǐng)域范圍。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 本選段講述了該書第一部分和第二部分各章節(jié)的前后安排以及與之有關(guān)的 事。從其內(nèi)容看應(yīng)是一本有關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)寫作的書的序言，這一點(diǎn)也可從第二段最后一句話看 出來。

　　? 37.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 在第一部分，作者按什么順序排列以下章節(jié)。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查考生對文章上下文線索的把握。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 做此題時要注意第一段和第二段中的大寫字母，因其表示專有名詞，還要 注意以下各詞： start with,then,follow和chapter on(論述……的章節(jié))。 ?

　　38.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 在哪一章可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些寫作練習(xí)。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為辨認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)題。 ?

　　【詳細(xì)解答】 見文章第二段第二句。 ?

　　39.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 根據(jù)本文“技術(shù)信息口語表達(dá)”這一章出現(xiàn)在 該書的哪一版哪一部分 ?

　　?【試題分析】 此題為判斷理解題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 根據(jù)第四段第一、二句話可知此章節(jié)出現(xiàn)在第三版該書的第二部分。 ?

　　40.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 關(guān)于新一版的第二部分以下哪一項(xiàng)不正確 ? ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為判斷理解題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 根據(jù)第四段第二句可知 Oral Presentation of Technical Information是個全新的章節(jié)，而不是一個經(jīng)修改的章節(jié)，故B不符合原文，是答案。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知第八章的標(biāo)題換了，原名是“Special Types of Reports”，現(xiàn)名是“Informal Reports—Their Variation in Form and Purpose”，故A和D符合原文。第四段第一句說Proposals這一章節(jié)先出現(xiàn)在第二版本上，在此版本中此章節(jié)重寫了并且大大地?cái)U(kuò)充了內(nèi)容，據(jù)此 可推知 B不符合原文。

　　Part Ⅱ?

　　41.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 他將那些蔬菜半價出售了，而不是讓蔬菜爛掉。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 rather than而不是，是連接詞，連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)。more than 比……多，超過，如：more than six dollars。但當(dāng)more than分開使用時也可表示“(與其說是)……而不是”，例如：He is more a poet than a philosopher.與其說他是個哲學(xué)家，不如說他是個詩人。other than意為“不同于”，例如：The result was quite other than we had expected.結(jié)果與我們期望的大不一樣。better than比……好，好于。 ?

　　42.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 今天，電器已使家務(wù)變得容易多了。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 此四詞皆有“器具，儀器”之意，但有差別。 appliances指的是較小的器 具，通常用手操作使之適應(yīng)特殊目的，如牙醫(yī)的牙鉆，真空吸塵器，電爐，高壓鍋等。 faci lities設(shè)施，設(shè)備，通常較大，如：車，船，圖書館，試驗(yàn)室等。instruments通常指科學(xué) 工作中使用的精密儀器。 equipment指成套的裝備，設(shè)備。 ?

　　43.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 他拒絕把他想要的東西給他。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 deny拒絕給予，后可接雙賓語，例如：He denies his children nothing. 他對孩子有求必應(yīng)。 refute駁斥，反駁。ignore忽視，不予理睬。deprive sb. of sth.剝奪某人某物。

　　? 44.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 這本書不受孩子們的歡迎 /孩子們不喜歡這本書。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 當(dāng) appeal to的主語是人時常表示“呼吁，請求”，而當(dāng)其主語是物時則常 表示“迎合，對……有吸引力”。 submit to服從，甘受;confess to供認(rèn)，招認(rèn);consent to同意。例如：a. He submitted to is parents' decision at last.他最后服從了父母的決定。b. He appealed to me for help.他向我求援。c. The man confessed to stealing the money.那人承認(rèn)偷了錢。d. My father refused to consent to my marrying her.父母拒絕答應(yīng)我和她結(jié)婚。 ?

　　45.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 各種尺寸的鞋我們都有現(xiàn)貨。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查習(xí)語搭配。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 have sth. in stock是習(xí)語，表示“有……的現(xiàn)貨”。out of stock缺貨，脫銷：I'm sorry, this size is out of stock.很抱歉，這個尺寸沒有現(xiàn)貨。 ?

　　46.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 我挖苦那個人窩藏贓物。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析及固定搭配。

　　?【詞義辨析】 注意以下搭配中介詞的不同： charge sb.with因……譴責(zé)、控告某人;accuse sb. of因……指責(zé)、控告某人;scold sb. for因……責(zé)罵某人;blame…for因……埋怨，責(zé)備，blame sth. on (onto) sb.把……怪罪到……的頭上。例如：a.He was accused of theft.他被控告偷竊。b. He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取賄賂。c. The parents scolded him severely for lying to them.他因?qū)Ω改刚f謊而遭到嚴(yán)厲責(zé)罵。d. It's not much use blaming our defeat on the weather.把我們的失敗歸罪于天氣沒多大用。 ?

　　47.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 你錯啦——你把這個詞給漏掉了。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詞義辨析】 leave out漏掉，遺漏;leave off停止;leave behind忘記攜帶;leave for動身前往。例如：a. I've left behind my hat on the chair.我把帽子忘在椅子上了。b. We'll start at the point where we left off last time.我們將從上次停止的地方開始。 ?

　　48.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 在 20世紀(jì)30年代科學(xué)家們開始想到原子彈的概念。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題亦為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詞義辨析】 conceive想出，想到，后面常跟plan,idea,project等詞。compete ?vi. ?比賽，競賽; consume ?vt.?消耗;conceal隱藏，掩蓋，意同hide。

　　? 49.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 你可根據(jù)你的偏愛選擇參加口試還是筆試。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞組用法辨析題。

　　【用法辨析】 四選項(xiàng)中只有 according as才可接從句，表示“根據(jù)”，但其后不能接what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。according to可表示“根據(jù)”，其后跟名詞。accordingly是副詞，表 示“相應(yīng)地;因此，所以”。 in accord (with)符合，(與……)一致，with后接名詞。例如：

　　a.You will be praised or criticised according as your work is good or bad.根據(jù)你工作的好壞你將受到表揚(yáng)或批評。

　　b.I have to tell you the rules, so you must act accordingly.我已經(jīng)把規(guī)則告訴你了，所以你必須照著做。

　　c.He was tired out;accordingly, we sent him to bed.他累壞了，于是，我們送他上床歇著去。

　　d.We are in general accord in our desire for peace.在期望和平方面我們基本一致。 ?

　　50.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 桌凳可以根據(jù)任何孩子的身高進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詞義辨析】 桌凳可根據(jù)任何孩子的身高進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。 adjust一般用作及物動詞，表示“ 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié);改變以適應(yīng)”。 adjust也可用作不及物動詞，adjust to表示“適應(yīng)于”。adopt表示“采納;收養(yǎng)”，不要與adapt混淆，因“adapt…to”表示“使……適應(yīng)”。shift v.?移動，改變，常指地位，方向，性格等方面的變化。例如：a.Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.飛行中的宇航員必須適應(yīng)失重狀態(tài)。(adjust用作不及物動 詞 ) b.She adjusted a microscope.她調(diào)整顯微鏡。(adjust ?vt.?側(cè)重于小的改變) c.T he candidate was constantly shifting his position on the issues.那個候選人在這些問題上不斷地改變立場。 d.Our school has adopted a new teaching method.我們學(xué)校采 用了新的教學(xué)法。

　　? 51.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 會議結(jié)束了，沒有進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步討論。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。

　　?【詞義辨析】 arise ?vi.?出現(xiàn)，常用于抽象事物，如問題，沖突等。arouse ?vt.?引起，激起。raise ?vt.?提高。rise ?vi.?上升，升起，常指具體的高度、價格等由低到高。

　　52.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 總的說來，今天的英國勞動階級比他們的上一代富裕些。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。

　　?【詞義辨析】 by and large總的說來;by no means一點(diǎn)也不;by and by不久，過一會兒;in detail詳細(xì)地。例如：a. I am by no means satisfied with my present income.　我對目前的收入一點(diǎn)也不滿意。 b.The pain will go away by and by.疼痛一會兒就會消失 了。 c.Could you explain in more detail?你能說得更詳細(xì)些嗎? ?

　　53.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 無論膚色怎樣每個人都有權(quán)居住在他想住的地方。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為詞組意義辨析題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 regardless of是介詞短語，表示“盡管，不顧”。prior to先于，在……之前; for the sake of 為了，為了……的緣故;in case of萬一，假如。例如：a.For the sake of getting more money, she left home and went to London.為了掙更多的錢，她離開家到了倫敦。b.In case of fire, call 119.倘若有火災(zāi)，就撥打119。[JP2]c.He says　what he thinks,regardless of other people's feelings.[JP]他想說就說，毫不考慮別人的感受。d.Prior to her marriage, my mother was a nurse.結(jié)婚之前，我母親是個護(hù)士。 ?

　　54.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 1946年的土豆收成比1945年的收成好。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查 superior一詞的用法。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 be superior to比……好，比……優(yōu)越，意同be better than。 ?or是拉丁語形容詞比較級詞尾，帶此尾的形容詞因已經(jīng)是比較級，故其前不需再加more構(gòu)成比較級。除superior外，帶此尾的形容詞還有：inferior(to比……)差的;junior年小的;senior年長的;prior較先的;major較大的;minor較小的等。帶?or的形容詞用于結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞+(i)or+to…，其中的to相當(dāng)于英語中的than。

　　? 55.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 書籍是學(xué)者們必不可少的東西。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。

　　?【詞義辨析】 indispensable必不可少的，常含絕對需要，缺之不行，例如：Air is indispensable for life.空氣是生命所必需的東西。indispensable常用于短語be indispensable to/for，表示“為……必不可少的”。be indifferent to后接名詞，表示“對……漠不關(guān)心”。be bound to后接動詞原形，表示“一定，必然”，例如：Your plan is bound to succeed.你的計(jì)劃一定會成功。be accustomed to習(xí)慣于。 ?

　　56.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 面對這樣艱巨的任務(wù)，我們必須加倍努力。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查詞匯用法題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 face是及物動詞，不用作不及物動詞。我們可以說：We face the difficulties.或We are faced with the difficulties.但不能說：We face with the difficulties. be faced with是短語，表示“面臨”。選項(xiàng)A和D中的with應(yīng)去掉。選項(xiàng)B不對，是因?yàn)閃e are facing such a difficult task.是個句子，其后應(yīng)打句號。 ?

　　57.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 這兩個年輕女子都完全有資格教希臘文、拉丁文和法文。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為語法題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 當(dāng) either, each,neither,everyone等不定代詞作主語時，其后謂語需用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：a.Neither of these books is very new.這兩本書都不新。b. Each of the students

　　brings a dictionary.學(xué)生各自帶字典來。c. Every man and woman is eligible to vote.每個男人或女人都有資格投票。 ?

　　58.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 你的頭發(fā)原來就需要剪了，我很高興你已剪了發(fā)。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查 need的特殊用法。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 need用作實(shí)義動詞時有兩個句型：1.need+to do sth.當(dāng)主語與need后的動作是主動關(guān)系時用該句型。例如：Mary will need to make a new dress for the party. 2. need+?ing或to be+過去分詞。當(dāng)主語與need后的動詞動作是被動關(guān)系時，用

　　該句型。如本句也可改為： Your hair needed to be cut.=Your hair needed cutting. ?

　　59.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 努力學(xué)習(xí)比懶散更能獲益。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 這是主語的比較，前面的 studying hard應(yīng)與being lazy平行。又比如：Tending dairy cows is a much better way to spend the summer than attending summer school.照料奶牛是一種比上暑期學(xué)校更好的度假方式。在此句中，tending和attending形成了動名詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　? 60.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 有 20個學(xué)生上拉丁語課，其中大多數(shù)比我受到更好的語言訓(xùn)練。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查定語從句。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 當(dāng)非限定性從句修飾物時，應(yīng)該用 which引導(dǎo)從句,但當(dāng)其修飾人時，應(yīng)該 用 who,whom或whose。A和B選項(xiàng)不符合此原則。C選項(xiàng)前應(yīng)改為句號才對。

　　61.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 我希望昨天他能跟我一起去看電影。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查虛擬語氣。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 wish后面的從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語常由would,could等構(gòu)成，對現(xiàn)在的虛擬用過去時，對過去的虛擬用過去完成時。例如：I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. 我希望你不要再抽煙了。 ?

　　62.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 一個科目越復(fù)雜，就越需要把它分成讀者可以想象到的許多部分。

　　?【試題分析】 此題考查語法比較級句型。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 表示“越……越……”用比較級句式： the+比較級…the+比較級…，例如： The faster the better.越快越好。注意：當(dāng)比較級修飾名詞、形容詞或副詞時，這些名詞、形容詞或副詞要一起移到前面去。根據(jù)此原則，A正確。

　　? 63.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 關(guān)一下門，好嗎 ?

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查附加問句。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 當(dāng)祈使句反問時，若表示請求，則反詰問句用 will you?例如：Do it at once, will you?但當(dāng)祈使句表示邀請及勸告時，其后應(yīng)用won't you?如：Have a cup of tea, wont you? ?

　　64.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 他一到火車站天就開始下雨。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查固定搭配及倒裝句。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 表示“一……就”有以下表達(dá)： 1. hardly (scarcely,barely)…when/before 2. no sooner…than。這些句子只用于過去時，主句動作因發(fā)生在從句動作之前故用過 去完成時。倘若 hardly,scarcely,no sooner和barely在句中則采取正常語序，但當(dāng)它們位于句首時，主句的主謂語要部分倒裝，使用句型：a. Hardly(Scarcely,Barely)+had+主語+過去分詞+其他。b. No sooner had+主語+過去分詞+其他。例如：a. They had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.他們剛到家就開始下雨了。(正常語序)b. Barely had she finished the report when she had to go to the lecture.她剛寫完報(bào)告就去上班。 (倒裝語序) c. Scarcely had Jack seen me when he left the room.杰克一見到我 就離開了屋子。 (倒裝語序) 此外表示“一……就”還可用以下表達(dá)：the moment (that)…,as soon as，the instant…,the minute…，它們不是名詞，而是從屬連詞，后跟從句，從句的時態(tài)與主句的時態(tài)一致。例如： I recognized him the minute (the moment,as soon as, the instant) I saw him.我一見到他就認(rèn)出他了。 ?

　　65.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 風(fēng)暴摧毀了他們的茅舍，所以他們不得不住在洞里。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 這是分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)句。分詞的完成式表示其動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前， 根據(jù)句意可知，暴風(fēng)雨毀掉草屋在前，故 C是答案。 ?

　　66.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 與公司的大多數(shù)雇員們所享有的有工資的節(jié)假日天數(shù)比起來，三個星期的 假期似乎是很慷慨的。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法結(jié)構(gòu)題。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 compare…with意為“與……相比”。分詞作狀語時，若與主句的主語是主 謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞，若是動賓關(guān)系則用過去分詞。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故 A對。 ?

　　67.答案D。

　　?【參考譯文】 還要過一段時間他才會再見到他父親。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 注意句型： It's +時間+before…表示“……之后……才”。例如：It will not be long before they understand each other.他們大概不久就會互相了解。而since的特殊句型是：主語+動詞完成式+其他+since+一個含一般過去時的句子。如：It has been a year since I graduated from the school.我從學(xué)校畢業(yè)已經(jīng)一年了。 ?

　　68.答案A。

　　?【參考譯文】 他在這班上年紀(jì)最小。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題考查比較級。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 比較級句中前后兩者相比時應(yīng)把自身排除在外，而 B，C和D皆包含he在內(nèi)，故都應(yīng)排除。 ?

　　69.答案B。

　　?【參考譯文】 公司的建立將從公司營業(yè)執(zhí)照簽發(fā)之日開始。 ?

　　【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 這是個主從復(fù)合句，從句需要一個含 day在內(nèi)的時間狀語，特指的一天，其前應(yīng)用介詞on。此外，引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞which若其前有介詞時該介詞不能省略，故B對。whenever只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不引導(dǎo)定語從句，例如：You may leave whenever you please.無論你什么時候想走就可以走。 ?

　　70.答案C。

　　?【參考譯文】 你一定誤會我了，因?yàn)槲覜]說那件事。

　　?【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查 must用作“推測”意時的用法。

　　?【詳細(xì)解答】 must+have+過去分詞：表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的有把握的肯定猜測。must+ 動詞原形：表示對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情的猜測。 must+be+doing：表示對現(xiàn)在正進(jìn)行的動作或在此刻前一直在進(jìn)行的動作的猜測，例如： He must be working hard.他一定正在努力工作。 ?

　　Part Ⅳ

　　? 71.【參考譯文】 但你并不是整夜都保持這種第四階段的沉睡狀態(tài)，入睡后大約80分鐘左右，你的大腦活動會再度略有加強(qiáng)。 ?

　　【翻譯技巧】 本句使用減詞法。

　　?【翻譯點(diǎn)評】 后半句“ brain activitiy level will increase again slightly.”句中 “ level”一詞可以不譯，“increase”一詞則譯為“加強(qiáng)”更好。

　　? 72.【參考譯文】 創(chuàng)造鏡片時，鏡片設(shè)計(jì)者試圖“捕捉”光線，他們迫使源自物體某個點(diǎn)的所有光線穿過一組曲度準(zhǔn)確的透鏡，結(jié)果光線集中在影像的一個點(diǎn)上。

　　?【翻譯技巧】 本句可用分譯法，把長句子中的短語化為句子，分開來敘述，適當(dāng)用增詞 法并調(diào)整句子順序。

　　?【翻譯點(diǎn)評】 句中介詞短語“ by forcing all the rays…to focus on a single point in the image”和后面的介詞短語“as a consequence of…surfaces”。結(jié)合在一起先調(diào)整語序?yàn)椤?by forcing all the rays…in the subject, after passing through…surfaces, focus on…in the image”，再將這個長長的介詞短語譯成兩個句子，加上force的邏輯主語 they，所以譯為“他們迫使源自物體某個點(diǎn)的所有光線穿過一組曲度準(zhǔn)確的透鏡，結(jié)果光線集中在影像的一個點(diǎn)上�！�

　　? 73.【參考譯文】 然而，每做一個決定可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果數(shù)目之大，如果不是實(shí)際上的話，簡直是無限的。

　　?【翻譯技巧】 此句的主語部分需用逆序法。

　　?【翻譯點(diǎn)評】 首先需要弄清此句結(jié)構(gòu)，主干為： The number is so large as to be infinite。再將一些修飾性、限定性的成份加進(jìn)去，就比較容易譯出整句了。另外還需注意“virtually, if not actually”的意思，可見，這兩個副詞virtually與actually并不相同， 前者意為“幾乎”，后者意為“實(shí)際上”。

　　? 74.【參考譯文】 我們亦擴(kuò)充了處理專業(yè)技術(shù)文章的方法——是由于我們 認(rèn)識到文章寫作對寫作者職業(yè)的潛在貢獻(xiàn)以及對科學(xué)技術(shù)的價值。 ?

　　【翻譯技巧】 此題需采用“增詞法”，還要注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　?【翻譯點(diǎn)評】 句中“ the treatment of…”譯為“處理……的方法”。破折號后面的分詞短語由分詞 recognizing加上兩個帶有各自定語的并列名詞詞組“the potential contribution of…”和“the value of…”組成，這個分詞短語補(bǔ)充說明前面句子的理由，所以在“認(rèn)識到……”之前加上“是由于我們”，使其與前面的句子更加緊湊、連貫。

　　? 75.【參考譯文】 雖然學(xué)習(xí)此章節(jié)不能替代對公開發(fā)言的訓(xùn)練，然而我們 相信此章節(jié)中的建議對那些使用此書的人大有裨益，他們在許多場合下被請求在一小群人或許多聽眾面前親自陳述自己的意見。

　　?【翻譯技巧】 本題采用“詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法”、“前置法”、“溶合法”。

　　?【翻譯點(diǎn)評】 翻譯時，將名詞性詞組“ a study of this chapter”譯為動詞性詞組“學(xué)習(xí)本章”，“ no substitute for”譯為“并不能替代”，“be of substantial assistance to”譯為“對……大有裨益”;其次，將those后的定語從句放在其前譯為“那些使用此書的人”;另外，將狀語 on the numerous occasions與后面的定語從句溶合在一起譯為“他 們在許多場合下……”

　　Part Ⅴ ?寫作指導(dǎo)

　　本文是關(guān)于國有企業(yè)職工下崗的問題。本文要求考生用全面的觀點(diǎn)來看待下崗這一現(xiàn)象， 還要求考生能就此現(xiàn)象發(fā)表一些自己的看法及可能的解決方案。這里必須注意“ lay?off”這一詞組的用法“ lay sb. off”意思是“stop employing sb. esp. for a period in which there is little work”，“l(fā)ay?off”是名詞，意思是“the stopping of a worker's employment at a time when there is little work”所以“l(fā)aid?off workers”才是指“下崗工人”，在范文中，第一段根據(jù)要求，寫下崗是改革的需要，為了深化國有企業(yè) 的改革越來越多的工人下崗。注意，如果不仔細(xì)理解此段要求的話，很容易接下來就寫下崗工人的“不幸”、因難的處境。但緊扣題綱，這一段必須寫下崗的積極方面，可以就深化國企改革的需要方面進(jìn)行展開，如使多余的工人下崗有利于提高國有企業(yè)的效率，幫助國企渡過難關(guān)，加速國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，以便最終實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕。

　　?第二段寫下崗會帶來的問題：給公眾帶來工作壓力，很多人生活水平下降，犯罪率上升， 造成社會不安定，這一段需要注意的是，考生絕對不可以在此對下崗現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)出不滿或是太 偏激認(rèn)為下崗是活該，應(yīng)持中立態(tài)度，客觀地分析下崗帶來的問題。

　　?第三段談解決方案：政府應(yīng)采取措施保障下崗工人的利益，提供再就業(yè)機(jī)會，下崗工人自 身也當(dāng)提高自己的意識，以適應(yīng)形勢的需要。 ?

　　Sample Writing

　　Lay?offs in State?owned Enterprises

　　In order to deepen the reform of state?owned enterprises, more and more workers are laid off. It is indeed necessary. Laying off redundant workers can help the enterprises overcome their difficulties and raise their efficiency and productivity. It also adds impetus to China's economic growth and thus help to lay a solid foundation for the common prosperity of the entire population, including the lai off workers.

　　However, carrying out lay?offs places too much employment pressure on society and arouses many social problems, such as the decline of many people's living standard, the increase of crime rate and social instability. So it's very important for the laid?off workers to be re?employed.

　　To solve these problems, the government should show concern for the workers and take effective measures to protect their interests. The enterprises laying off workers should set up re?employment service centers to ensure their basic living standards, conduct professional training and help them get new jobs. The laid?off workers themselves should keep in mind that it's no use complaining and sighing.

　　As long as they stand up to being laid off, update their concepts about employment and adapt to new situations, they are sure to overcome the difficulty.