The most basic function of bodily fat is self-storage of food reserves.

　　食物儲(chǔ)備的自我存儲(chǔ)是脂肪最基本的功能。

　　In prehistoric times,natural selection favored genotypes that could endure harsh conditions by stocking the most fat.

　　在史前時(shí)期，以保存大量的脂肪來(lái)忍耐惡劣壞境的基因型在自然選擇中勝出。

　　With chronic malnutrition being the norm for most of human history,genetics evolved to favor fat storage.

　　同時(shí)，因?yàn)槁�性的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良普遍存在于大多數(shù)的人類(lèi)歷史中，遺傳基因朝著脂肪存儲(chǔ)方向進(jìn)化。

　　So when did body fat become problematic?

　　那么，身體脂肪什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始成為了問(wèn)題?

　　The negative impacts of being overweight were not even noted in medical literature until as late as the 18th century.

　　超重的消極影響直到18世紀(jì)才在醫(yī)學(xué)記載中出現(xiàn)。

　　Then,technological advances coupled with public health measures resulted in the betterment of the quantity,quality,and variety of food.

　　接著，科技進(jìn)步與公共健康措施一起提升了食物的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和豐富性。

　　Sustained abundance of good food enabled a healthier population to boom economically.Output increased,and with it,leisure time and waistlines.

　　源源不斷的良好食物使得健康人口的數(shù)目大增。隨著產(chǎn)量的增加，人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和腰圍也隨之增加。

　　By the mid 19th century,being excessively overweight,or obese,was recognized as a cause of ill health,and another century later,declared deadly.

　　到19世紀(jì)中期，極度超重或肥胖被認(rèn)為是不健康的，而一個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，肥胖則被宣告是致命的。

　　What is the distinction between being overweight and being obese?

　　超重和肥胖之間的區(qū)別是什么?

　　A calculation called the BMI breaks it down for us.For example,if someone weighs 65 kilgorams and is 1.5 meters tall,they have a BMI of about 29.

　　BMI公式為我們解釋了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)人體重65千克，身高1.5米，其BMI值大約是29。

　　Obesity is a condition of excess body fat that occurs when a person's BMI is above 30,just over the overweight range of 25 to 29.9.

　　肥胖意味著身體脂肪超標(biāo)，即BMI超過(guò)30;BMI在25-29.9之間則是剛剛超重。

　　While BMI can be a helpful estimate of healthy weight,actual body fat percentage can only really be determined by also considering information like waist circumference and muscle mass.

　　雖然BMI對(duì)估算健康的體重有一定幫助，但身體實(shí)際的脂肪百分比只能由腰圍和肌肉群等信息決定。

　　Athletes,for instance,have a naturally higher BMI.

　　就像運(yùn)動(dòng)員天生就擁有較高的BMI。

　　一個(gè)人是如何肥胖起來(lái)的?

　　So how does a person become obese?At its most basic,obesity is caused by energy imbalance.

　　那么，一個(gè)人是如何肥胖起來(lái)的?從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，肥胖是由能量的不均衡導(dǎo)致的。

　　If the energy input from calories is greater than the energy output from physical activity,the body stores the extra calories as fat.

　　如果來(lái)自卡路里的能量輸入高于物理運(yùn)動(dòng)所輸出的能量，那么身體存儲(chǔ)的多余卡路里就成了脂肪。

　　In most cases,this imbalance comes from a combination of circumstances and choices.

　　大多數(shù)情況下，這種不平衡來(lái)自環(huán)境和選擇的結(jié)合。

　　Adults should be getting at least 2.5 hours of exercise each week,and children a whole hour per day.But globally,one in four adults and eight out of ten adolescents aren't active enough.

　　成年人每個(gè)星期至少要擁有2.5小時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，而兒童每天應(yīng)有1個(gè)小時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間。但是全世界有四分之一的成年人和五分之四的青少年并不積極運(yùn)動(dòng)。

　　Calorie-dense processed foods and growing portion sizes coupled with pervasive marketing lead to passive overeating.

　　高熱量的加工食品、不斷增加的食物分量和多樣的食物市場(chǎng)共同導(dǎo)致了消極的過(guò)度飲食。

　　And scarce resources,and a lack of access to healthy,affordable foods creates an even greater risk in disadvantaged communities.

　　而在貧困的社區(qū)，食物資源的匱乏和得到健康又不太昂貴的食物的途徑有限，大大提升了出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　Yet,our genetic makeup also plays a part.Studies on families and on separated twins have shown a clear causal hereditary relationship to weight gain.

　　還有，我們基因組成也有一定作用。研究成長(zhǎng)在不同家庭的雙胞胎明確顯示遺傳和體重增加的關(guān)系。

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