Passage Two

　　26.According to the passage, how manyuniversities in the United States took part in the study?

　　A. Four.

　　B. Three.

　　C. Five.

　　D. Six.

　　27.Why does a lack of sleep cause peopleto gain weight?

　　A. Becausepeople bum fewer calories when they are awake.

　　B. Becausepeople feel hungry when they lack sleep.

　　C. Becausetheir hormones stay unchanged.

　　D. Becausepeople don’t exercise when they don’t have enough sleep.

　　28.According to the passage, what is NOT true about the first study?

　　A. More than1,000 people took part in the study.

　　B. People whoslept less had higher blood levels of ghrelin.

　　C. People whoslept more had higher blood levels of leptin.

　　D. The amountof exercise can influence the result of the study.

　　29.What is the best amount of sleep forweight control?

　　A. 8 hours anight.

　　B. 7.7 hours anight.

　　C. 7 hours anight.

　　D. 9 hours anight.

　　30.Two groups of people are compared inthe third study. They are people_____.

　　A. with lessthan 5 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleep

　　B. who slept 4hours a night and who slept 4 hours for 2 nights

　　C. with lessthan 4 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleep

　　D. with lessthan 5 hours of sleep a night and with 8 hours of sleep

　　【參考答案及解析】

　　26.A 歸納總結(jié)題。錄音中提到的大學(xué)有：Stanford University,University of Wisconsin, University of Chicago,Columbia University。所以美國有四所大學(xué)參與了該項(xiàng)研究。

　　27.B 原因結(jié)果題。錄音中提到“Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.”，意思是：研究人員說缺乏睡眠會(huì)導(dǎo)致激素變化，這種變化會(huì)增加饑餓感。由此可以推斷出缺乏睡眠會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們體重增加的原因是“因?yàn)槿藗內(nèi)狈λ�眠時(shí)會(huì)感到饑餓”，所以選 C。A 項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)樵谇逍训臅r(shí)候燃燒較少的卡路里”;C 項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)樗麄兊募に乇３植蛔儭?D 項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)槿藗兯�眠不充足時(shí)不進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

　　28.D 是非判斷題。錄音中提到“researchers…examined information on more than one thousand people.”，意思是：研究人員調(diào)查了 l，000 多人的信息。因此選項(xiàng) A“1，000 多人參與了該研究”是正確的。關(guān)于第一次研究，錄音中還提到“Some peopleslept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher bloodlevels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.”，意思是：一些人一個(gè)晚上睡覺不超過五個(gè)小時(shí)。他們的一種叫做胃饑餓素的激素的血壓會(huì)比睡眠為八小時(shí)的人高出 15%。所以選項(xiàng) B“睡眠較少的人的胃饑餓素的血壓高”是正確的。錄音中提到“they had fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin.”，意思是：他們(指睡眠較少的人)的激素——瘦素要低 15%。由此可以推斷“睡眠較多的人瘦素的血壓高”，所以選項(xiàng) C 正確。錄音中提到“The results were notaffected by how much people exercised.”，意思是：人們的運(yùn)動(dòng)量并不影響結(jié)果。所以選項(xiàng) D“運(yùn)動(dòng)量能夠影響研究的結(jié)果”是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　29.B 數(shù)字信息題。錄音中提到“Researchers found that the best amount of sleep for weight controlis seven-point-seven hours a night.”，意思是：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)控制體重需要的最佳睡眠量為一個(gè)晚上 7.7 個(gè)小時(shí)。因此答案為B。

　　30.C 細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)原文可知，來自哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究人員做了第三項(xiàng)研究�！癟hey found that people who got less than four hours of sleep anight…This was compared to people with seven to nine hours of sleep.”，意思是：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)晚上睡眠不超過 4 小時(shí)的人……。這是和睡眠為 7 到 9小時(shí)的人進(jìn)行了比較。由此可知這兩組人分別是睡眠少于 4 小時(shí)的人和睡眠為7 到 9 小時(shí)的人，因此答案為 C。

　　【錄音原文】

　　There are newfindings that people with inadequate sleep are likely to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increasefeelings of hunger. In one study, researchers from Stanford University inCalifornia and the University of Wisconsin examined information on more thanone thousand people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleepdisorders. Some peopleslept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher bloodlevels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And theyhad fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps makepeople feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.

　　The results werenot affected by how much people exercised. People whoare awake longer havemore time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increasehunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight.Researchersfound that the best amount of sleep for weight control is seven-point-seven hoursa night.Researchers atthe University of Chicago did a smaller study. They found that people who sleptjust four hours a night for two nights had an eighteen percent reduction inleptin. And they had a twenty-eight percent increase in ghrelin. The young menin that study also appeared to want more sweet and starchy foods.Researchers fromColumbia University in New York did a third study. Theyfound that people whogot less than four hours of sleep a night were seventy-three percent morelikely to be overweight. This was compared to people with seven to nine hoursof sleep. The researchers say that for survival, the body may be designed tostore more fat during times with less sleep.

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