一、口譯練習(xí)：視譯+筆記+模擬考試
1、視譯(篇章分析)
2、筆記(熟悉原文的基礎(chǔ)上整理出一套適合自己的筆記方式)
3、模擬考試(分段聽、記、譯)
二、翻譯單項技巧練習(xí) —— 轉(zhuǎn)換法 conversion
翻譯過程中,我們可以采用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的翻譯方法。這種方法不僅指詞性的改變，而且還包括句子成分的改變。
1.英譯漢的常見詞類轉(zhuǎn)換形式
1)各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞
名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，我感到心馳神往。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭以被用來探索宇宙。
介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
“來啦!”她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦跳著越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，進(jìn)了門廊。
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
醫(yī)生說他們不敢確定能否救得了他的命。
The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
她能夠給代個信就是暗示。但是我們必須要小心。
副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去時，忘了穿鞋。
2)各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
To them, he personified the absolute power.
對他們來說，他就是絕對權(quán)力的化身。
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他們盡了最大的努力來幫助病號和傷員。
代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones.
這次試驗結(jié)果比前幾次試驗結(jié)果都好得多。
副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身體雖弱，但心智健全。
3)各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
學(xué)習(xí)中的獨立思考是絕對必要的。
副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.
內(nèi)部的壓力和外部的相等。
4)各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞
A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.
直升飛機(jī)幾乎可以自由地飛到任何地方。
名詞和動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞
I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準(zhǔn)。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得他們的一些好感。
5)英譯漢句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換
The baby doubled its weight in a year.
嬰兒的體重一年增長了一倍。 (主語轉(zhuǎn)換成定語)
She behaves as if she were a child.
她的舉止像是個孩子。(謂語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語)
Mathematics is well taught at that school.
那個學(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)教得好。(狀語轉(zhuǎn)換成定語)
2. 漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
1)將動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞等
徐悲鴻畫馬畫得特別好。
Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good. (動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)
絕對不許違反這個原則。
No violation of this principle can be tolerated. (動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)
獲悉貴國遭受地震，我們極為關(guān)切。
We are deeply concerned by the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. (動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容)
他們不顧一切困難、挫折，堅持戰(zhàn)斗。
They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. (動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成介詞)
2)其他一些詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
該廠產(chǎn)品的主要特點是工藝精湛，經(jīng)久耐用。(fine workmanship and durability)
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability. (名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞)
街中的一切逐漸消失在灰暗的暮色里。(a pall of gray)
Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. (形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)
英漢互譯
