漢譯英

　　現(xiàn)代西方的中國(guó)學(xué)大致經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派主導(dǎo)的，第二代是意識(shí)形態(tài)至上流派所主導(dǎo)的。當(dāng)代西方對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際和流派的影響。

　　當(dāng)下，中國(guó)學(xué)正迎來(lái)一個(gè)新的代際，即第三代。第三代中國(guó)學(xué)發(fā)端于新的形勢(shì)背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代際的演進(jìn)，將推動(dòng)中國(guó)學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并對(duì)世界對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。

　　最近幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)全方位快速崛起，其巨大影響延展至世界的各個(gè)角落。全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的頂尖人士，紛紛聚焦中國(guó)，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠(yuǎn)含義。這個(gè)群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國(guó)通，而是來(lái)自各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，他們便構(gòu)成了第三代中國(guó)學(xué)的主體。

　　英譯漢審校

　　On Sept. 3, 1939, after Britain declared war on Germany, George VI addressed millions of people around the world in a live radio broadcast. It was a somber, stirring call to patriotism and fortitude, to courage and resilience, and it was one of the best speeches he had ever made.

　　He had had to struggle so hard to get there. The terrifying march to war, along with the trauma of taking over the throne after the unprecedented abdication of his popular older brother, Edward VIII, had brought back the debilitating stutter that had plagued the king since childhood. The long silences on the radio were not a rhetorical device but a verbal crutch.

　　That he managed at all was a tribute to the man who stood beside him as he spoke, an uncredentialled, unorthodox speech therapist from Australia named Lionel Logue. “The King’s Speech,” which opens on Nov. 24, tells the story of the unlikely friendship between the two men and describes how Logue helped the king find his voice and his confidence.

　　“It was a perfect storm of catastrophe,” said Colin Firth, whose nuanced portrayal of George has generated a huge pre-Oscar stir. “Having a stammer causes tremendous suffering, and just a few years earlier he would have been bailed out by having his remarks recorded and edited. But he was required to speak on this new device, live radio. And to compound all that you have a war looming, where his only function is his voice, to speak to the people, and he can’t speak.”

　　The movie opens before George (then called Prince Albert, or Bertie) becomes king, during a scene in which he is trying to address an expectant crowd at Wembley Stadium. Mr. Firth’s voice flails. He swallows his words, trips over them, and spits them partially out, lapsing into long, panicked silences. It is almost physically painful to watch.

　　George’s wife, played by Helena Bonham Carter, convinces him to seek help from Logue (Geoffrey Rush). Logue’s eccentric methods include insisting that he and Bertie address each other by their first names, making Bertie sing and impertinently asking him about his lonely childhood and his relationship with his chilly family. Gradually the future king opens up, his voice relaxing along with his clenched-up spirit.

　　“It’s Logue’s way of trying to help him at a time when convention does not allow psychoanalysis for a person like that,” Mr. Firth said. “Logue is one of the early generation who believed that getting to the heart of a problem psychologically could help with a cure.”

　　George VI remained a friend of Mr. Logue for the rest of their lives. (The king died in 1952; Logue died the following year.) The king sought his help before important speaking engagements and, in 1937 made him a member of the Royal Victorian Order, which recognizes personal service to the sovereign.

　　The king never fully got over his stutter, and Mr. Hooper said it would have been wrong to give the film a classic Hollywood ending, in which he is cured and lives happily ever after.

　　When he went back and listened to archival recordings, Mr. Hooper said, “it was clear that the king was still coping with his stammer, and that this was not about a man who was cured. It was about a man who had learned how to cope.”

　　(待審校譯文略)

　　漢譯英審校

　　中文為考試原文(有修改)，英文為搜索譯文，并非考試試題中需修改內(nèi)容，僅供參考。

　　當(dāng)前推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化的主要任務(wù)是:推進(jìn)農(nóng)民工等農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化;提高城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地利用效率，防止城鎮(zhèn)化大量圈占土地、低效利用;建立多元可持續(xù)的城鎮(zhèn)化資金保障機(jī)制，改變過(guò)度依賴土地財(cái)政的局面;優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)化布局和形態(tài)，改善人居環(huán)境;提高城鎮(zhèn)化水平，實(shí)事求是定位，科學(xué)務(wù)實(shí)規(guī)劃;加強(qiáng)對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)化的管理。

　　城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)要體現(xiàn)尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、天人合一的理念，依托現(xiàn)有山水脈絡(luò)等獨(dú)特風(fēng)光，讓城市融入大自然，讓居民望得見(jiàn)山、看得見(jiàn)水、記得住鄉(xiāng)愁。

　　At present, the main tasks for urbanization are to grant urban residency to more rural migrant workers and other rural people who have moved to cities; make more efficient use of urban land for construction purposes and prevent too much land from being expropriated for urbanization and used inefficiently; establish a diversified and sustainable mechanism for funding urbanization; put an end to China’s over reliance on land-based finance; improve the structure and form of urbanization and the living environment; raise the level of urbanization, realistically define what a city should be like and make proper plans for its development; and improve the management of urbanization.

　　In pursuing urbanization, China needs to respect and be in tune with nature and ensure unity between man and nature.

　　Making use of current mountains, waters and other unique landscapes, China needs to integrate cities into nature so urban dwellers can enjoy the view of mountains and waters and are reminded of their hometowns.