答案部分：

　　Section 1: 英譯漢

　　氣候變暖，原來壓在冰層下面的水自由流動(dòng)，正侵蝕著北極圈附近沿岸的居民點(diǎn)。

　　畢考夫斯基村是一個(gè)有457 口人的村莊，地處俄羅斯東北部沿海 一個(gè)鰭形半島的頂端。那里的海岸正在崩潰，離房屋和取暖用油的油 罐越來越近，后撤的速度是每年18英尺，即5-6米。每年夏季，冰繼續(xù)融化，最后家園將會(huì)消失，整個(gè)畢考夫斯基村可能也將不復(fù)存在。

　　“幾乎到處是冰——永凍土——現(xiàn)在卻在融化�！鄙�活在北極圈 以北的400萬俄羅斯人在許多方面感受到氣候變曖的影響。氣候變化帶來新的機(jī)遇，但同時(shí)也威脅著他們的環(huán)境，烕脅著他們家園的穩(wěn) 定，對(duì)那些以冰雪荒原為其傳統(tǒng)之根基的人來說，也威脅著他們文化的生存。

　　開發(fā)北方的步伐因北極海域的冰融化而加快。這對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)匕傩諄?說，既會(huì)帶來好處，也會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn)。巴倫支海和喀拉海大油田的發(fā)現(xiàn) 增加了人們對(duì)災(zāi)難性事故的恐懼，因?yàn)椴粩嘤袧M載石油或液化氣的船 只穿過斯堪的納維亞半島沿海的漁場，駛往望眼欲穿的歐洲和北美市 場。隨著發(fā)電機(jī)、大煙囪和大型運(yùn)輸工具不斷涌現(xiàn)，以支持能源工業(yè) 的發(fā)展，過去人跡罕見的地方可能會(huì)遭受空氣和水污染。

　　海岸的侵蝕在阿拉斯加也是一個(gè)問題，迫使美國準(zhǔn)備將沿岸好幾 處因紐特人的村莊遷往他處，估計(jì)每遷一個(gè)村子要耗資一億美元。

　　在北極圈內(nèi)，當(dāng)?shù)夭柯鋽?shù)百年來生活在嚴(yán)寒與冰雪之中，并形成 了自己的文化傳統(tǒng)�，F(xiàn)在他們感受到氣候和野生動(dòng)物的變化，試圖適應(yīng)這種狀況，但不知如何是好。

　　在挪威最北邊的芬馬克省，北極風(fēng)光在冬末展現(xiàn)出來，是一望無 際的冰雪高原，一片寂靜，只能聽到馴鹿的叫聲，和偶爾傳來的放牧 人摩托雪橇的嗡嗡聲。

　　北極的變化在這里也能感受到，不過方式不同�！榜Z鹿變得不如以前自在了，” 31歲的養(yǎng)鹿人伊薩特•艾伊拉說。

　　在保護(hù)環(huán)境和保存地方習(xí)俗方面，沒有幾個(gè)國家能與挪威相比。挪威把大量的石油收入用于這一地區(qū)，使得薩米文化仿佛經(jīng)歷了一場 文藝復(fù)興。

　　然而不論政府給以多大的幫助，也無法使艾伊拉相信他那與馴鹿 交織在一起的生活眼下不會(huì)發(fā)生變化。跟得克薩斯州的養(yǎng)牛人一樣， 他對(duì)他的牲畜數(shù)量保密。不過他說秋季和春季溫度升高，將表層積雪 融化，隨后又凍成冰，這使他的馴鹿隔著冰層難以吃到地衣。

　　艾伊拉說：“決策人都住在南邊，住在城市里。他們不注意天氣 的變化。只有在大自然里討生活的人才注意天氣的變化�！彼�是坐在 家里的火爐邊說這番話的，火爐里燒的是樺木。他的家是用馴鹿皮搭 成的，這種居所叫做“拉屋”。

　　Section 2: 漢譯英

　　To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times. Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

　　Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.

　　China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.