答案部分：
Section 1: 英譯漢
本月，聯(lián)合國發(fā)展規(guī)劃將水利和公共設(shè)施列為其高端出版物――人類發(fā)展報告的核心內(nèi)容。
在一些地方窮人比富人支付的水費要多，因此關(guān)于“水隔離制度”的主張應(yīng)當(dāng)引起關(guān)注。但是問題背后的經(jīng)濟如何?怎么解決這一問題?一些國家不能為人們提供純凈水，究其原因常常是缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在不能依靠公共設(shè)施供水的地方，人們需要需要通過昂貴的方式來獲取水資源，例如卡車循環(huán)運送水或者長途跋涉到水井取水。水資 源越昂貴，水質(zhì)似乎越劣質(zhì)，這是自相矛盾的。由公共設(shè)施運送到千家萬戶的水(窮人和富人同等對待)常常比從戶外蓄水池中得來的水要干凈。
哈坎·比約克曼是聯(lián)合國泰國事務(wù)處的計劃主管， 他說，這一問題不僅僅存在于鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，甚至是在大城市也是如此。此外，他補充道，當(dāng)?shù)厮麢C構(gòu)提供的補助最終受益人是除了窮人以外的人民群眾。
該事務(wù)處提出了一項三步走解決方案。第一步是使每天獲得 20 升(或者 5 加侖)純凈水成為一項公民權(quán)利。第二步是促使地方政府 義務(wù)提供這項服務(wù)。 第三步是在人們和水路總線之間引進基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進 行聯(lián)接。該項報告稱，政府，尤其是在發(fā)展中國家，應(yīng)當(dāng)至少花費GDP 的1%用于水源和公共設(shè)施。它同時強調(diào)，外國援助要更直接用于解決這些問題。很明顯，這一方法主要依靠政府干預(yù)，比約克曼很認同這一點。當(dāng)然也存在一些基于市場的舉措。
據(jù)事務(wù)處的報告，科特迪瓦的首都阿比讓提供打了折扣的管道聯(lián)系窮人和水路總線，其民間水利設(shè)施逐漸增加了純凈水供應(yīng)。如果國家能利用供給純凈水的經(jīng)濟益處，甚至可能不再需要補助，盡管這是事務(wù)處的提議。
獲得純凈水的人們更不容易死于由水傳播的疾病，因而更長壽、更富足，并且所納稅款有利于他們的國家，然而在發(fā)展中國家存在這樣一個普遍的弊端。因此如果政府盡力提高資金引進新基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，那么它將在民間信貸市場獲得良好聲譽，前提是它能充分利用這一回報。同樣的，私營企業(yè)可能會估算，如果當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駱芬忾L期回報這一投資，將純凈水引入某一地區(qū)這一舉措是很有價值的。
獲得純凈水的人們更不容易死于由水傳播的疾病，因而更長壽、更富足，并且所納稅款有利于他們的國家，然而在發(fā)展中國家存在這樣一個普遍的弊端。因此如果政府盡力提高資金引進新基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，那么它將在民間信貸市場獲得良好聲譽，前提是它能充分利用這一回報。同樣的，私營企業(yè)可能會估算，如果當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駱芬忾L期回報這一投資，將純凈水引入某一地區(qū)這一舉措是很有價值的。
Section 2: 漢譯英
For China, it is still an arduous task to feed one-fifth population of the world with seven percents field on the earth, even in a good harvest year.
The Chinese government is faced with many challenges, one of the most serious is the cultivated area loses. In the past several years, 0.667 million hectares cultivated areas were averagely used to expand the city, develop industries and road construction programs every year, and other one billion square metres were swallowed by the desert.
The level of water in the northern China has fallen, so that the farmers had no choice but to plant crops that are drought-enduring and grown in the earth , even plant nothing in the field. In the meantime, the agricultural infrastructure was caused loss seriously and two-thirds irrigation facilities needed to be fixed.
The pattern of the agricultural production is undergoing transformation because the farmers have planted industrial crops instead to increase incomes. In the last decades of years, the area under fruit and vegetables averagely increased 1.3 million hectares year by year. So the yield of rice, corn and wheat decreased rapidly. China became a net export country instead of a net import country.
The Chinese government has given the greatest priority to the agricultural reform and invested a large amount of money to raise the prices of wheat and rice, as well as improved irrigation infrastructure for fields. In recent years, the price of agricultural products has increased steadily and the Chinese government has taken the measure to raise the activity of farmers to plant grains.
