詞形變化( Word Form )應(yīng)試技巧

　　1.熟練掌握動(dòng)詞詞形變化規(guī)律。注意：動(dòng)詞形式既包括謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及語(yǔ)氣(直陳、虛擬)等，虛擬語(yǔ)氣為重點(diǎn)，幾年來(lái)的考題中都有這方面內(nèi)容;也包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式。所以做動(dòng)詞的詞形變化時(shí)，首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后再作相應(yīng)的變化。

　　2.認(rèn)真學(xué)好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的，其中多數(shù)來(lái)自課文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。

　　3.認(rèn)真鉆研相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法講解。主要指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣\形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，等部分。

　　動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞是考試的重點(diǎn)。主要包括：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

　　1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)。

　　So far， Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived

　　Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned

　　Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated

　　Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.

　　had happened

　　In the past two decades， research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded

　　2)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：主要掌握各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)式。

　　The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved

　　There __________(estimate) to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated

　　3)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣：

　　A.掌握非真實(shí)條件句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。

　　If you had come earlier， you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.

　　would not have missed

　　If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____(be) in real trouble.

　　would have been

　　B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由“動(dòng)詞原形”或“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。 should 常常省略

　　I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think

　　It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st.

　　(should) finish

　　C.動(dòng)詞wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year.

　　bought ( 表示從句中動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)

　　She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were

　　The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before.

　　had met

　　If only we ______(have) a phone! I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.

　　D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等詞后從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為(should) + 原形。

　　He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.)

　　(should) rain

　　E.在It is (high) time that 從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞。

　　It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took

　　F.時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間調(diào)整。

　　如果我們?cè)鐒?dòng)身，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在雨中走了。

　　If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.

　　(從句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在。)

　　4)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：

　　A.動(dòng)詞不定式：主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等的用法。還要注意動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式與完成式。

　　不定式作定語(yǔ)：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make) to be made

　　不定式作賓語(yǔ)： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see) . to be seen

　　不定式作賓補(bǔ) I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省略to)

　　不定式作主補(bǔ)：They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　to work( 不可省略to)

　　We make them (to) work day and night. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在有些動(dòng)詞后可以省略TO

　　They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可省略TO

　　B.分詞：主要考查分詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。 另外，還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與完成式的形式。

　　分詞作定語(yǔ)：Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting

　　As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may decrease. used

　　分詞作狀語(yǔ)： When ______(present) with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented

　　________ (tell) that some guests were coming ， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told

　　Her body， with hands and feet _______(bind) ， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound

　　分詞做賓補(bǔ)： They may have their passports ______(remove) ， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed

　　動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：If you cannot understand ， ask： “ Would you mind ______(rephrase) the question ， please ?” rephrasing

　　If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ______(miss) the train.

　　missing

　　形容詞副詞：

　　The more time you waste， the _____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.easier

　　As Jane was the _____(old) ， she looked after the other children in the family. eldest

　　詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：

　　The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____(trick)situation .

　　trick是名詞或動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~tricky

　　These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____(specialize) in its function.

　　specialize 是動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~ specific或 special