B卷

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共42小題，每小題1分，共42分)

在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無分。

1.目前的細(xì)菌毒素中毒性最強(qiáng)的是(      )

A.肉毒毒素                                                      B.破傷風(fēng)毒素

C.白喉毒素                                                      D.志賀毒素

2.絲蟲的感染階段是(      )

A.絲狀蚴                                                         B.微絲蚴

C.尾蚴                                                             D.囊尾蚴

3.屬于自身抗原的是(      )

A.ABO血型抗原                                              B.肺炎球菌莢膜多糖

C.HLA抗原                                                      D.眼晶體蛋白

4.急性中毒性菌痢的主要臨床癥狀是(      )

A.全身中毒癥狀                                               B.腹痛、腹瀉

C.劇烈嘔吐                                                      D.膿血粘液便

5.肺炎鏈球菌的主要致病物質(zhì)是(      )

A.外毒素                                                         B.莢膜

C.內(nèi)毒素                                                         D.自溶酶

6.人類免疫缺陷病毒的傳播途徑不包括(      )

A.性交                                                             B.血制品

C.母嬰垂直                                                      D.呼吸道途徑

7.最有效的激活初始T細(xì)胞的免疫細(xì)胞是(      )

A.巨噬細(xì)胞                                                      B.樹突狀細(xì)胞

C.B細(xì)胞                                                          D.上皮細(xì)胞

8.在我國主要流行的瘧原蟲是(      )

A.惡性瘧原蟲和卵形瘧原蟲                             B.惡性瘧原蟲和三日瘧原蟲

C.間日瘧原蟲和卵形瘧原蟲                             D.間日瘧原蟲和惡性瘧原蟲

9.獲得人工主動(dòng)免疫的方式是(      )

A.接種疫苗                                                      B.隱性感染

C.顯性感染                                                      D.母乳喂養(yǎng)

10.人口腔菌群中厭氧菌所占細(xì)菌總數(shù)的(      )

A.30％～50％                                                  B.50％～70％

C.70％～90％                                                  D.98％～99％

11.黃曲霉素主要損害(      )

A.心臟                                                             B.肝臟

C.腎臟                                                             D.肺臟

12.葡萄球菌感染灶易局限化的原因是(      )

A.殺白細(xì)胞素                                                  B.血漿凝固酶

C.溶血素                                                         D.透明質(zhì)酸酶

13.CD3的功能主要是(      )

A.T細(xì)胞激活的輔助受體                                 B.傳遞T細(xì)胞激活的第一信號(hào)

C.傳遞T細(xì)胞激活的第二信號(hào)                          D.結(jié)合MHC分子

14.支原體與病毒的相同點(diǎn)是(      )

A.能在無生命培養(yǎng)基上生長                             B.個(gè)體微小并能通過濾菌器

C.胞膜中含大量膽固醇                                    D.對(duì)抗生素敏感

15.細(xì)胞因子不具備的特性是(      )

A.多效性                                                         B.拮抗性

C.重疊性                                                         D.特異性

16.肉毒桿菌引起的食物中毒以(      )

A.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀為主                                        B.消化系統(tǒng)癥狀為主

C.呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀為主                                        D.運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)癥狀為主

17.表達(dá)HLAⅠ類分子密度最高的細(xì)胞是(      )

A.樹突狀細(xì)胞                                                  B.血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞

C.巨噬細(xì)胞                                                      D.淋巴細(xì)胞

18.機(jī)體抗移植物排斥反應(yīng)屬(      )

A.Ⅰ型超敏反應(yīng)                                               B.Ⅱ型超敏反應(yīng)

C.Ⅲ型超敏反應(yīng)                                               D.Ⅳ型超敏反應(yīng)

19.與病毒遺傳變異有關(guān)的物質(zhì)是(      )

A.質(zhì)粒                                                             B.衣殼蛋白

C.核酸                                                             D.脂多糖

20.陰道毛滴蟲可引起(      )

A.膿血便                                                         B.夏季腹瀉

C.陰道炎                                                         D.腦積水

21.屬于條件致病菌的細(xì)菌是(      )

A.布氏桿菌                                                      B.百日咳桿菌

C.大腸埃希菌                                                  D.炭疽桿菌

22.引起瘧疾復(fù)發(fā)是由于(      )

A.紅細(xì)胞外期裂體增殖                                    B.紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)期裂體增殖

C.速發(fā)型子孢子存在                                        D.遲發(fā)型子孢子存在

23.補(bǔ)體經(jīng)典途經(jīng)中各成分激活順序?yàn)?      )

A.C1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9                                        B.C1-2-4-5-3-6-7-8-9

C.C1-4-2-3-5-6-7-8-9                                        D.C1-2-4-3-5-6-7-8-9

24.流感病毒中最易發(fā)生變異的是(      )

A.甲型流感病毒的NA                                      B.乙型流感病毒的NA

C.甲型流感病毒的HA                                      D.乙型流感病毒的HA

25.與變形桿菌有共同抗原成分的是(      )

A.衣原體                                                         B.支原體

C.立克次體                                                      D.螺旋體

26.痢疾阿米巴的生活史為(      )

A.包囊→小滋養(yǎng)體→包囊                                 B.包囊→大滋養(yǎng)體→包囊

C.包囊→囊蚴→大滋養(yǎng)體                                 D.小滋養(yǎng)體→大滋養(yǎng)體→小滋養(yǎng)體

27.針對(duì)不同抗原上的相同決定基的免疫反應(yīng)稱(      )

A.非特異性反應(yīng)                                               B.混合反應(yīng)

C.交叉反應(yīng)                                                      D.過敏反應(yīng)

28.細(xì)菌屬于原核細(xì)胞型微生物的主要依據(jù)是(      )

A.單細(xì)胞，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單                                        B.無核膜，細(xì)胞器不完善

C.二分裂方式繁殖                                           D.有細(xì)胞壁，對(duì)抗生素敏感

29.免疫球蛋白的分類根據(jù)是(      )

A.H鏈和L鏈的不同                                        B.V區(qū)和二硫鍵的不同

C.L鏈恒定區(qū)的不同                                         D.H鏈恒定區(qū)的不同

30.最早發(fā)現(xiàn)病毒的學(xué)者是(      )

A.伊凡諾夫斯基                                               B.巴斯德

C.郭霍                                                             D.李斯特

31.關(guān)于麻疹病毒，錯(cuò)誤的是(      )

A.隱性感染較多見                                           B.只有一個(gè)血清型

C.病后有牢固免疫性                                        D.主要通過飛沫傳播

32.血吸蟲的致病作用主要是(      )

A.尾蚴                                                             B.成蟲

C.蟲卵                                                             D.幼蟲

33.川卷螺是肺吸蟲的(      )

A.終末宿主                                                      B.儲(chǔ)蓄宿主

C.轉(zhuǎn)繼宿主                                                      D.中間宿主

34.血管中抗細(xì)菌感染主要依靠(      )

A.sIgA                                                             B.IgG

C.IgM                                                              D.IgE

35.人體囊蟲病是指(      )

A.豬囊尾蚴寄生于人體所致的疾病                   B.牛囊尾蚴寄生于人體所致的疾病

C.細(xì)粒棘球蚴寄生于人體所致的疾病               D.曼氏裂頭蚴寄生于人體所致的疾病

36.下列有關(guān)菌落的敘述，錯(cuò)誤的是(      )

A.培養(yǎng)基中需含有特殊營養(yǎng)                             B.需要固體培養(yǎng)基

C.由一個(gè)細(xì)菌細(xì)胞增殖而形成                          D.是千萬個(gè)細(xì)菌形成的集團(tuán)

37.需有抗體參與的免疫效應(yīng)不包括(      )

A.NK細(xì)胞殺傷靶細(xì)胞                                      B.ADCC作用

C.補(bǔ)體經(jīng)典途徑激活                                        D.中和毒素作用

38.用透明膠紙法檢查蟯蟲，宜選在(      )

A.清晨排便后                                                  B.清晨排便前

C.上午10∶00至下午2∶00                             D.晚上10∶00至次日凌晨2∶00

39.溶菌酶溶菌作用的機(jī)制是(      )

A.切斷肽聚糖的聚糖骨架                                 B.抑制四肽側(cè)鏈與五肽交聯(lián)橋的連接

C.損傷細(xì)胞膜的通透性                                    D.干擾細(xì)菌蛋白質(zhì)的合成

40.補(bǔ)體參與的生物學(xué)作用是(      )

A.卵磷脂酶溶解紅細(xì)胞                                    B.特異性抗體介導(dǎo)紅細(xì)胞溶解

C.ADCC效應(yīng)                                                   D.中和毒素作用

41.諾卡氏放線菌主要存在于(      )

A.土壤中                                                         B.河水中

C.空氣中                                                         D.人體和動(dòng)物體

42.梅毒的唯一傳染源是(      )

A.貓                                                                B.人

C.鼠                                                                D.蚊