III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)

21. Speech and writing are the two major media of communication. In linguistic evolution, however, speech is prior to writing, therefore, the spoken language rather than the written should be given priority in modern linguistics.

22. There are two ways now available to transcribe speech sounds: broad transcription and narrow transcription, of which the really required and used by popular textbook and dictionary writers is the latter.

23. Compounds have different stress patterns from non-compounded word sequences. In general, the stress of a compound always falls on the second word, while the first word receives secondary stress.

24. Sentence is usually conceived as the largest unit of grammar. Normally, a sentence contains at least a subject and a finite verb or a verb phrase as its predicate.

25. The pair of words, “husband” and “wife,” are complementary antonyms.

26. According to John Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, speech acts fall into five general categories, which are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives.

27. Blending is a process of word formation, in which a new word is formed by combining parts of other words, for example, smog, e-mail, motel, hi-fi.

28. In view of language as an effective means of communication, no single dialect of a language, be it standard or nonstandard, is any more logical, or any more purer than any other dialect of the language.

29. The right ear advantage in dichotic listening research provides evidence in support of the view that language functions are lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain.

30. Children who grow up in cultures where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker speech.

Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)

31. diachronic study                                          32. vowels

33. root                                                           34. syntax

35. argument                                                    36. representatives

37. back-formation                                           38. speech community

39. Broca’s area                                               40. acculturation