全國2012年1月高等教育自學(xué)考試內(nèi)科護(hù)理學(xué)(一)試題
課程代碼：02998
一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共30小題，每小題1分，共30分)��
在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無分。��
1．提示慢性支氣管炎患者發(fā)生COPD的臨床征象是(      )��
A．晨起咳嗽加重，白天較輕��
B．咳白色粘液痰或漿液性泡沫痰��
C．一年四季均有咳嗽，且在冬春加重��
D．在咳嗽咳痰基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)逐漸加重的呼吸困難��
2．治療肺炎支原體肺炎首選的抗生素是(      )��
A．青霉素                                                       B．紅霉素��
C．慶大霉素                                                   D．環(huán)丙沙星��
3．女性多見，出現(xiàn)癥狀相對(duì)較晚，對(duì)放療、化療敏感性較差的肺癌類型是(      )��
A．鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞癌                                         B．腺癌��
C．小細(xì)胞癌                                                   D．大細(xì)胞癌��
4．服用地高辛治療心衰時(shí)，護(hù)士給藥前應(yīng)先數(shù)心率，如護(hù)士判斷不能給藥，則此時(shí)患者心率可能為(      )��
A．55次／分                                                   B．65次／分��
C．75次／分                                                   D．85次／分��
5．導(dǎo)致二尖瓣狹窄患者死亡的主要原因是(      )��
A．充血性心力衰竭                                         B．心房顫動(dòng)��
C．腦動(dòng)脈栓塞                                                D．急性肺水腫��
6．急性心肌梗死發(fā)病后常檢測心肌損傷標(biāo)記物，其中特異性和敏感性最高的是(      )��
A．肌酸磷酸激酶                                            B．天門冬酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶��
C．肌鈣蛋白                                                   D．乳酸脫氫酶��
7．PTCA術(shù)后患者應(yīng)絕對(duì)臥床休息，患側(cè)肢體制動(dòng)，拔管后穿刺點(diǎn)砂袋壓迫(      )��
A．1小時(shí)                                                        B．6小時(shí)��
C．12小時(shí)                                                      D．24小時(shí)��
8．導(dǎo)致慢性淺表性胃炎的最主要病因是(      )��
A．自身免疫因素                                            B．飲食和環(huán)境因素��
C．幽門螺桿菌感染                                         D．十二指腸液反流入胃��
9．潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者活動(dòng)期的重要表現(xiàn)是(      )��
A．惡心嘔吐                                                   B．腹脹��
C．腹痛                                                          D．粘液膿血便��
10．肝硬化患者最常見的并發(fā)癥是(      )��
A．肝性腦病                                                   B．上消化道出血��
C．感染                                                          D．肝腎綜合征��
11．肝性腦病患者忌用的灌腸液是(      )��
A．清水                                                          B．生理鹽水��
C．肥皂水                                                       D．弱酸性溶液��
12．成人無尿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般為24小時(shí)尿量少于(      )��
A．400ml                                                         B．300ml��
C．200ml                                                         D．100ml��
13．關(guān)于慢性腎小球腎炎患者飲食護(hù)理描述正確的是(      )��
A．蛋白質(zhì)的攝入量為0.5～0.8g／(kg·d)��
B．30％以上的蛋白為高生物效價(jià)蛋白質(zhì)��
C．飽和脂肪酸和不飽和脂肪酸比為2∶1��
D．鹽的攝入量每天不少于3g
14．慢性腎功能衰竭患者常見的最早期癥狀是(      )��
A．食欲不振伴惡心嘔吐                                  B．皮膚瘀斑、鼻出血��
C．肢體麻木、燒灼或疼痛感                           D．皮膚瘙癢、尿毒霜��
15．缺鐵性貧血的主要病因是(      )��
A．需鐵量增加而攝入不足                              B．胃酸缺乏��
C．慢性失血                                                   D．腸道功能紊亂��
16．治療再生障礙性貧血的藥物中屬于促造血治療的藥物是(      )��
A．雄激素                                                       B．抗淋巴細(xì)胞球蛋白��
C．環(huán)磷酰胺                                                   D．甲潑尼龍��
17．特發(fā)性血小板減少性紫癜患者發(fā)生腦出血，此時(shí)其血小板計(jì)數(shù)可能低于(      )��
A．20×109／L                                                B．40×109／L��
C．60×109／L                                                D．80×109／L��
l8．過敏性紫癜患者紫癜多位于(      )��
A．面頰                                                          B．前胸��
C．上肢                                                          D．下肢��
19．單純性甲狀腺腫患者應(yīng)避免攝入的物質(zhì)是(      )��
A．卷心菜                                                       B．海帶��
C．紫菜                                                          D．加碘鹽��
20．患者女性，55歲，甲亢病史10年，因膽道感染行手術(shù)治療。術(shù)后患者出現(xiàn)高熱、煩躁、譫妄、大汗淋漓、腹瀉，HR145次／分，Bp200／90mmHg，T40℃，提示該患者合并了
(      )��
A．?dāng)⊙�癥                                                       B．甲亢性心臟病��
C．心力衰竭                                                   D．甲狀腺危象��
21．符合糖尿病診斷要點(diǎn)的是(      )��
A．糖尿病癥狀加任意時(shí)間血漿葡萄糖≥7.0mmol／L��
B．糖尿病癥狀加空腹血漿葡萄糖水平≥7.0mmol／L��
C．糖尿病癥狀加餐后2小時(shí)血漿葡萄糖≥7.0mmol／L��
D．OGTT試驗(yàn)中2小時(shí)血漿葡萄糖水平≥7.0mmol／L��
22．應(yīng)用胰島素治療糖尿病最常發(fā)生的不良反應(yīng)是(      )��
A．過敏反應(yīng)                                                   B．皮下脂肪萎縮��
C．低血糖反應(yīng)                                                D．注射部位皮下小結(jié)��
23．治療類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎的藥物中，具有鎮(zhèn)痛消腫作用，可緩解關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和晨僵等癥狀，但不能控制病情發(fā)展的藥物是(      )
A．甲氨蝶呤                                                   B．阿司匹林��
C．硫唑嘌呤                                                   D．環(huán)孢素��
24．系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者發(fā)病后易侵犯關(guān)節(jié)，但一般較少累及(      )��
A．腕關(guān)節(jié)                                                       B．膝關(guān)節(jié)��
C．肘關(guān)節(jié)                                                       D．踝關(guān)節(jié)��
25．有機(jī)磷殺蟲藥中毒后患者出現(xiàn)毒蕈堿樣癥狀，主要是由(      )��
A．交感神經(jīng)末梢興奮所致                              B．副交感神經(jīng)末梢興奮所致
C．交感神經(jīng)末梢抑制所致                              D．副交感神經(jīng)末梢抑制所致��
26．應(yīng)用阿托品治療有機(jī)磷中毒，符合“阿托品化”臨床特征的是(      )��
A．瞳孔較前縮小                                            B．皮膚濕潤��
C．心率減慢                                                   D．顏面潮紅��
27．一氧化碳中毒患者應(yīng)及時(shí)糾正缺氧，當(dāng)吸入新鮮空氣時(shí)，由COHb釋放出半量CO約需(      )��
A．1小時(shí)                                                        B．2小時(shí)��
C．3小時(shí)                                                        D．4小時(shí)��
28．能代表HBV活動(dòng)性復(fù)制和傳染性強(qiáng)的標(biāo)志的是(      )��
A．HBsAg                                                        B．抗-HBs��
C．HBeAg                                                        D．抗-HBe��
29．艾滋病患者常出現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)性感染，其中最常見的引起死亡的最主要原因是(      )��
A．念珠菌肺炎                                                B．卡氏肺孢子蟲肺炎��
C．隱球菌肺炎                                                D．巨細(xì)胞病毒肺炎��
30．霍亂最重要的傳播途徑是(      )��
A．水型傳播                                                   B．食物傳播��
C．日常生活接觸傳播                                     D．蒼蠅媒介傳播��