一、word study
　　replace,litter,refine,reproduce
　�、� replace vt.1、把。。。放回（原處），使恢復(fù)（原職）；2、更換，以。。。替代 The airline is currently replacing its DC10s w ith DC Super 80s.
　　這家航空公司正在用 DC 超 80 飛機(jī)取代 DC10 飛機(jī)。
　　Please replace the new spaper after reading.
　　報(bào)紙閱后請(qǐng)放回原處。
　�、� litter n.1、（供動(dòng)物睡眠或植物防凍的）干草；2、雜亂無(wú)章；3、（貓狗等）一窩（仔畜）；4、【總 稱(chēng)】亂丟的東西（尤指廢紙等雜物） vt.1、為（動(dòng)物）鋪草；2、（多產(chǎn)動(dòng)物）產(chǎn)（仔）；3、亂丟
　　The boxes are filled w ith litter for the small animals to live in.
　　箱子里鋪滿干草以便小動(dòng)物能夠在里邊住。
　　The children picked up all the litter on the playground.
　　孩子們把亂扔在操場(chǎng)上的廢紙等雜物都拾了起來(lái)。 I w as surprised to see his room in such a litter. 我看到他的房間如此亂七八糟感到驚訝。
　　Please don’t litter.
　　請(qǐng)不要亂丟東西。
　　Please don’t litter the room.
　　請(qǐng)不要在屋里亂扔?xùn)|西。
　　Please don’t litter w aste papers round the room..
　　請(qǐng)不要在屋里亂扔廢紙。
　�、� refine vt.1、提純，精制；2、使精美，使完善
　　They have built a factory to refine cane sugar.
　　他們建了一個(gè)提煉蔗糖的工廠。 He has refined his manners. 他已使自己的舉止儀態(tài)變得高雅完美。
　　Reporters tried to refine their questions to draw their expected response.
　　記者們力圖把問(wèn)題提得巧妙，以便引起他們所期望的答復(fù)。
　�、� reproduce vt.1、繁殖；2、再生產(chǎn)，再生長(zhǎng)（器官）；3、復(fù)制；4、再現(xiàn)，重現(xiàn) There are animals which can reproduce a lost part of their bodies. 有些動(dòng)物能使身體上失去的某部分再生。
　　Frogs reproduce themselves by laying eggs.
　　青蛙通過(guò)產(chǎn)卵繁殖。
　　A tape-recorder w ill reproduce your lecture.
　　錄音機(jī)將放出你的講課錄音。
　　He reproduced the painting by photography.
　　他通過(guò)照相復(fù)制了那副油畫(huà)。
　　The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.
　　十年前的情形今天又重現(xiàn)了。
　　二、�？季湫�
　　1、使用動(dòng)物對(duì)于發(fā)展麻醉學(xué)具有至關(guān)重要的作用。P2
　　The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.
　　2、用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行研究與我們的健康無(wú)關(guān)，它產(chǎn)生的后果常常起誤導(dǎo)作用。P4
　　Animal research  is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.
　　3、人和動(dòng)物對(duì)藥物的反應(yīng)不同，身體作用的方式也不同。P4
　　People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.
　　4、如果把還沒(méi)有在動(dòng)物身上徹底實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)的藥物用在人身上，那是完全不負(fù)責(zé)任和不道德的。P5
　　It  would be completely  irresponsible  and unethical to use drugs on people that  had not been
　　thoroughly tested on animals.