Unit 1 The Power of Language　

　Critical Reading

　�、� (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just(不只是，不僅僅是) understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.(啟下句)

　　本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：

　　1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.

　　apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.

　　apply的派生詞：application, applicant, applicable

　�、� Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

　　本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：

　　2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.

　　some time

　　注意區(qū)分：sometime / sometimes / some times

　　3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 不論哪種情況，你必須注意并考慮你的價(jià)值觀和態(tài)度與作者所述的價(jià)值觀和態(tài)度有何不同。

　　those是代詞，代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞values and attitudes。代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。例如：

　　The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.

　　The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.

　　Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.

　　The price of that book is higher than that of this one.

　　請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)!

　　【單選題】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than ______ worn by Mary.

　　· A. this

　　· B. that

　　· C. these

　　· D. those

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】本題考查指代詞those/that的用法。英語(yǔ)句子中為了避免重復(fù)常使用代詞代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞。代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those;代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。本句中空格處要填的詞代替代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞necklace，故選A。此處that也可以換成the one。

　　【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】指代詞those/that的用法

　�、� Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.(承上句) Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

　　④ Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. (4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. (承上句)

　　本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：

　　4. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.

　　be consistent with 與……一致

　　consist vi. 組成(of);在于(in);符合(with)

　　The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

　　The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

　　This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 這和你先前告訴我的不符合。

　　consist的派生詞：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency

　　請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)!

　　【單選題】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your actions will consist ______ your words this time.

　　· A. of

　　· B. in

　　· C. at

　　· D. with

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】本題考查consist的用法。consist of意為"由……組成";consist in意為"在于";consist with意為"與……一致"，故選D。consist at不存在。該句的意思是"說(shuō)實(shí)話，我真希望這次你的言行能一致"。

　　【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】consist的用法

　�、� Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.(承上啟下句) Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

　�、� Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.(承上句) Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current(啟下句). For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

　　⑦ Identify any possible author bias. (6)A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with "a grain of salt."

　�、� By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

　　本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：

　　5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.

　　whatever引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句，不能換成no matter what。名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)從句)中，"疑問(wèn)詞ever"不能換成"no matter+疑問(wèn)詞"，狀語(yǔ)從句中可以換用。例如：

　　Whoever comes to our party is welcome. (不能換成no matter who…)

　　He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能換)

　　He will buy whatever his son wants. (不能換)

　　Whatever you do, I will support you. (能換成no matter what…)

　　6. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.

　　likely 在該句中是副詞

　　likely adj. / adv.

　　be likely to do sth.

　　It's likely that…

　　a likely result

　　Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利潤(rùn)極可能增加200萬(wàn)英鎊左右。(副詞)

　　likely的派生詞：unlikely, likelihood。例如：

　　The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性極小。

　　7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.

　　a biased position

　　be biased to/toward(s)/against

　　反義詞：unbiased