在漢語中,“宣傳”這個詞十分常用,但譯成英文時總存在誤用的情況。漢語的“宣傳”,強調(diào)對公眾講明一件事情。英語一般用propaganda、publicity來表示。
Propaganda的意思為 ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader or party, or to influence public opinion,即指的是可能是虛假或夸張的想法或說法,以及用來為某個政治領(lǐng)導人或政黨獲取支持或影響民意的想法或說法,顯然是一個貶義詞。例如:
1. 這種廣告只不過是宣傳說教。
This kind of advertising is nothing but propaganda.
而publicity則有兩層意思:
一是the attention that is given to someone/something by media,是“媒體給予的關(guān)注”,即“宣傳報道”,是一個中性詞。例如:
2. 這個案件已在這個國家引起了大量的宣傳(報道)。
The case has generated enormous publicity in this country.
二是the business of attracting the attention of the public to someone/something, the things that are done to attract attention,是“引起公眾關(guān)注的事情”,即“宣傳工作”。例如:
3. 他是干宣傳(工作)的。
He works in publicity.
4. 一部新電影的露面,總是伴隨著大量的宣傳。
1) The appearance of a new film will always be accompanied with a lot of publicity. 或
2) The appearance of a new movie will always go together with a great deal of publicity.
由此可見,“宣傳部”就可以翻譯為“Department of Publicity”或“Publicity Department”!爸泄仓醒胄麄鞑俊钡臉藴视⑽淖g名則為“the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China”。對外宣傳,也就是通常所說的“外宣”可用international communication來表示,如“中共中央對外宣傳辦公室”就可譯為“the International Communication Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China”。