【識記要點】
副詞用法
I.副詞的分類
1.時間副詞
時間副詞有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, soon, immediately, lately, early, sometimes, often, always, usually, already, yet, ever, never等。時間副詞是確定句子時態(tài)的重要標志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同時態(tài)的時間標志。
2.地點副詞
地點副詞有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere
等。地點副詞和動詞連用時不加介詞。
3.方式副詞
方式副詞有quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast, again等。方式副詞 大多由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成。
4.程度副詞
程度副詞有very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。有些程度副詞可以修飾形容詞原級,有些
修飾形容詞比較級。
5.疑問副詞
疑問副詞有when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far 等。疑問副詞常
來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。
6. 關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why, how等。關(guān)系副詞常用來引導(dǎo)從句。
II.副詞的用法
副詞是用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞,主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子。
1. 作狀語,用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子。
Please look at the blackboard carefully. 請仔細地看著黑板。
The car is quite expensive. 這輛轎車相當(dāng)昂貴。
Unluckily, he missed the train. 很不幸得,他錯過了火車。
2. 作表語,表示方位上的變化。
He will be back soon.
3. 作賓語補足語
I saw him out with his mother. 我看見他和他母親一起出去了。
III.副詞的位置
1. 一般副詞作狀語時,放在謂語動詞之后。如果謂語動詞后帶有賓語,則放在賓語之后。
They are laughing happily. 他們在高興地大笑。
I’m doing my homework carefully. 我在認真地做作業(yè)。
2. 頻度副詞作狀語時放在be動詞或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,行為動詞之前。
She is never late for school. 她上學(xué)從不遲到。
We often go out for a walk after supper. 晚飯后我們常常去散步。
3. 某些副詞為了強調(diào)上下句的銜接,放在句子之前。
Suddenly she ran out of the house. 忽然她沖出房子。
4. enough修飾形容詞和副詞時,要放在所修飾詞之后。
He got up early enough to catch the bus. 他起得足夠早,可以趕上汽車。
IV.副詞比較等級的用法
1. 副詞的比較級、最高級的變化和形容詞的比較級、最高級變化基本相同。請參見形容詞比較等級的變化方法。
2. 在兩者進行比較表示“A不如B”時,部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)副詞除使用“not...as/so+副詞原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)外,還可以使用“l(fā)ess+副詞原級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)。
He doesn’t write as carefully as his sister. 他寫字不如他妹妹細心。
3. 副詞最高級前一般不加定冠詞the。
Which do you like best? 你最喜歡那一個?
4. 不規(guī)則變化表
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
good / well |
better |
best |
bad / badly / ill |
worse |
worst |
old |
older / elder |
oldest / eldest |
many / much |
more |
most |
little |
less |
least |
far |
farther / further |
farthest / furthest |
[題組訓(xùn)練] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He thinks ______ of others than of himself. (much)
2. Bob never does his homework as ______ as Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.(care)
3. Of the two students, Linda draws ______ (beauty).
4. He got up late, ______, he caught the train at last.(luck)
5. Have you seen my book ______?(somewhere)
易混點清單
I.how long, how soon, how often, how far
how long“多久,多長時間”,對一個持續(xù)的時間段提問,常用“for+段時間”和“since+點時間”回答。
how soon“多快,多久以后”,對一個短暫性動作提問,用于一般將來時的句子中,常用“in+段時間”回答。
how often “多長時間一次”,對頻度提問,常用“once, twice, three times a week ”等回答。
how far“多遠”,對距離提問。
—How long have you been in China? — For three months. 你來中國有多久了?有三個多月了。
—How soon will he come back? —In five minutes. 他多快才能回來?五分鐘后。
—How often do you visit your grandparents? — Once a week. 你多久去看望你的祖父母一次?一周一次。
—How far is it from your home to your school? —About two kilometers. 你家離學(xué)校有多遠?大概二公里。
II. hard, hardly
hard 意為“努力地,辛苦地”“劇烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副詞;hardly意為“幾乎不”,是否定副詞。