專題十一 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句

　　簡(jiǎn)單句

　　(一)基本概念

　　只包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子，稱作簡(jiǎn)單句。在簡(jiǎn)單句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主干，是句子的核心。除了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)外，簡(jiǎn)單句中還可以有賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。

　　(二)句型結(jié)構(gòu) 簡(jiǎn)單句可歸納為五個(gè)基本句型。

　　1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)　　這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以有其他成分修飾。

　　如：Things change. He smiles happily.

　　2.主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 　這種句型稱為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　如：Mr. Smith is an artist. 　　The hamburger tastes good.

　　注：表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞之后。常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。

　　常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞有：

　　(1)表狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞---be 如：

　　He is a teacher. 　　He is ill.

　　(2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞--用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，常見(jiàn)有keep, remain, stay,如：

　　He always kept silent。

　　(3)表像系動(dòng)詞--用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,如：

　　He looks tired.

　　He seems (to be) very sad.

　　(4)感官系動(dòng)詞---感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,如：

　　This kind of cloth feels very soft. That sounds interesting.

　　This flower smells very sweet. It tastes delicious.

　　(5)變化系動(dòng)詞--這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,等.。如：

　　He became mad after that. I get tired. 　　 She grew tall。

　　3. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)一般多是及物動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)有兩種 ：間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)

　　如：We like music.

　　I had eggs for breakfast.

　　4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

　　一般間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)的前面，有時(shí)它們也可交換位置，這是需要在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面加上介詞to 或for 。

　　如：He gave his sister the book.=He gave the book to his sister.

　　常見(jiàn)雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　可轉(zhuǎn)換成帶to結(jié)構(gòu)的有：

　　bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)

　　show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb )

　　可轉(zhuǎn)換成帶for結(jié)構(gòu)的有：

　　buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )

　　make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )

　　5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)

　　賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不帶to的不定式或v+ing、V+ed等充當(dāng)。

　　如：I found the book easy.(形容詞easy作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))

　　I'll let him go.(不定式go用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))

　　(三) There be句型

　　1、結(jié)構(gòu)：There be句型是一種主語(yǔ)后置的倒裝句，常表示某處有某人或某物。

　　具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be+人/物+其他+(地點(diǎn))。

　　2、用法：

　　(1)、There be句型中動(dòng)詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。并且要根據(jù)就近一致原則來(lái)變換be 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　如:There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

　　There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

　　(2)、There be句型中的be 有各種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)還會(huì)在be前插入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

　　如： There is going to be a meeting tonight.

　　There must be some flowers in the box.

　　(3)、There be句型可換成There come / go,以引起注意,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

　　如:There comes the bus.

　　(4)、 There be句型的否定句和疑問(wèn)句變化主要是be之后加not和be提到there之前。

　　如：There isn’t any rain these days.

　　Are there any people in the room?

　　并列句

　　(一) 基本概念及構(gòu)成

　　兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用and, but, or, so等并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。

　　如: I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

　　Hurry up，or you'll be late.

　　(二)連詞用法

　　1、表并列關(guān)系的連詞有and，both...and…兩者都, as well as還有, not only...but (also)不但…而且…, neither...nor既不…也不…等。

　　如：Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.

　　She not only sings but also dances.

　　2、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有but, however然而，while然而，still, yet然而等。

　　如：The film is not perfect, however, it's good.

　　I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

　　I like tea while she likes coffee.(表對(duì)比)

　　3、表選擇關(guān)系的有or, either...or...或者…或者…, not...but...不是…而是…等。

　　如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

　　Either Tom or his sisters are coming.

　　4、表因果關(guān)系的有for因?yàn)? so所以, because等。

　　如：I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.

　　The manager was ill so she didn’t go to work.

　　(三)特殊的并列句

　　1. 祈使句 + and +一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子

　　如：Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.

　　2. 祈使句 + or + 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子

　　如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:

　　1.---____ is her daughter? ---The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.

　　A. Who B. What C. Which

　　2. ______ does your mother do? She is a worker.

　　A. Who B. how C. What

　　3. ---Excuse me. _____do you say “autumn” in American English?

　　---It’s “fall”.

　　A. How B. When C. Why

　　4. --___ do I take the medicine, Mr. Wang?--Twice a day after meals.

　　A. How long B. How many C. How often

　　5. Eric’s never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, _____?

　　A. hasn’t he B. has he C. is he

　　6. --I’m sorry I can’t lend you the e-dictionary.

　　--_____? Didn’t you promise me?

　　A. What B. How C. When

　　7. We bought her a birthday present, _____ she liked it very much.

　　A. or B. and C. but

　　8. — Didn’t you give gifts to your father on Father’s Day?

　　— Oh, not only my father, _____ my grandpa got red gifts.

　　A. or B. and C. but

　　9. — Would you like to go to the concert with me?

　　— I’d love to, _____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.

　　A. or B. but C. and

　　10. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.

　　A. Not only; but also 　　B. Neither; nor 　　C. Either; or

　　11. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small.

　　A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or

　　12. “Are you going to eat here ____ take it away?” asked the waiter.

　　A. and B. so C. or

　　13. Tom is cleaning the house _____ some of his friends are coming for dinner.

　　A. because B. but C. so

　　14. There is a lot of traffic in this city, _____ look both ways before crossing the street.

　　A. so B. and C. for

　　15. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.

　　A. or B. and C. for

　　16. Be quick, _____ we’ll be late for class.

　　A. or B. and C. but

　　17. Come a little earlier next time, _____ you’ll miss the best part of the TV play.

　　A. and B. but C. or

　　18. There ______ ice on the road last week.

　　A. was B. were C. are

　　19. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.

　　A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be

　　20. He ________say _________.

　　A. didn’t; anything B. don’t; something C. doesn’t; something

　　21. --- Would you like to come to the party tonight?

　　---Yes, _________.

　　A. I would be B. I do C. I’d like to

　　22. ---The Changjiang River isn’t the longest river in China, is it?

　　---___________.

　　A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it is.

　　23. ---________ is a kilo of oranges?

　　---10 yuan a kilo.

　　A. How many B. How much C. How heavy

　　24. ---Does he like music?

　　---__________.

　　A. Yes, he likes. B. Yes, he do. C. Yes, he does.

　　25. ___________ is the population of China?

　　A. How much B. What C. How many

　　26. ---_________ do you think of the movie?

　　---Great!

　　A. How B. What C. Why

　　27. ---_______ you _______ TV now?

　　---No, you can turn it off.

　　A. Did; watch B. Do; watch C. Are; watching

　　28. --_______ are you going this summer vacation?

　　--To Beijing!

　　A. Where B. How C. Why

　　29. ---_______________?

　　---He is tall.

　　A. How is he B. What does he like C. What does he look like

　　30. ---_______ do you study for a test?

　　---By working with a group.

　　A. What B. How C. Where

　　31. ---Must I come to the office at three o’clock this afternoon?

　　---No, you ________.

　　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t

　　32. They are _______ young ______ carry the box onto the table.

　　A. enough; to B. so; that C. too; to

　　33. They ______lunch at home every day.

　　A. have not B. didn’t have C. don’t have

　　34. We always keep our classroom clean, so we _______ clean it every day.

　　A. don’t have B. don’t need C. don’t have to

　　35. Yesterday he ________ some reading at home.

　　A. does B. didn’t C. didn’t do

　　36. ---Have you seen the film?

　　---No, __________.

　　A. I don’t B. I haven’t C. I didn’t

　　37.--- Can you speak English?

　　---Yes, _________.

　　A. we can’t B. we can C. we don’t

　　38. ---Are there any trees in the park?

　　---Yes, __________.

　　A. they are B. there is C. there are

　　39. __________ I come in?

　　A. May B. Will C. Would

　　40. _______the old man get up early every morning?

　　A. Is B. Has C. Does

　　41.--- _______ do you like the new play?

　　--- It’s good and interesting.

　　A. How B. What C. Which

　　42. ---________ is your telephone number?

　　---865 2738.

　　A. How much B. How many C. What

　　43. Mrs Black doesn’t like these people,__________?

　　A. does she B. do she C. is she

　　44.There is little milk in the fridge,_________?

　　A. isn’t there B. are they C. is there

　　45. Open the window,________?

　　A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you

　　46. ---Does your brother like the red tie or the black tie?

　　---____________.

　　A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. The red tie

　　47. ---It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell anybody else.

　　---_________.

　　A. I do B. I don’t C. I won’t

　　48. _______ good idea it is!

　　A. What an B. How C. What a

　　49. ________ quickly he rides his bicycle!

　　A. What B. How C. What a

　　50. ---The skirt looks _______.

　　---Thank you!

　　A.nice B. well C. old

　　參考答案：

　　1—5 A C A C B 6---10 A B C B C 11—15 C C A A B 16—20 A C A C A

　　21—25 C A B C B 26—30 B C A C B 31—35 C C C C C 36—40 B B C A C

　　41—45 A C A C A 46—50 C C C B A