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      2016年中考英語考點(diǎn)分析:介詞

      來源:中華考試網(wǎng)收藏本頁   【 】  [ 2016年4月28日 ]

        介詞

        一.介詞at/ in /on .

        1.表示時(shí)間:

        1).表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn),某一時(shí)刻/ 年齡

        at six o’clock at noon at that time

        at the moment at the age of at night

        2)in表示時(shí)間段,一天的三個(gè)時(shí)間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個(gè)時(shí)期(某人幾十歲時(shí))

        in the morning/afternoon /evening

        in spring /in 2007/in March

        in the twenty-first century

        in his fifties

        3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個(gè)時(shí)間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時(shí).

        On Monday on New Year’s Day

        on Sunday morning on a rainy night

        on the evening of April 1st ,2007

        2表地點(diǎn):

        1)at 一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置

        at the station at the cinema

        2)in 表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個(gè)有限空間里.

        in China in the classroom

        3)on 指在某物體的表面上.

        on the desk

        注意:

        寫街道時(shí),若有門牌號(hào)用at ,否則用on / in 都可.

        He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.

        二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:

        1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)

        Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .

        2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)

        Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

        3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)

        Japan is _____ the east of China .

        三. between / among 在……之間

        1.between :指兩者之間. 在…….之間.

        2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在……之中.

        You sit _____ him and me .

        The song is popular ______ the students.

        四.after / in 在……之后

        1. after

        1)after + 時(shí)間段. 表示以過去某一時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后, 用于過去時(shí).

        2)after 作介詞. after doing sth

        2.in +一段時(shí)間. 表示說話時(shí)或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時(shí)間之后.用于將來時(shí).

        He came back ______ two days .

        He will go home___finishing his homework .

        He will come back _____ two days .

        五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”

        1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.

        He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .

        注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有”

        He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

        2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.

        Can you say it _____English ?

        He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

        3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法

        I study for a test _____ working with a group .

        He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .

        注意: 同義詞組

        1).by phone = on the phone

        2).by car = in a car

        3).in pen = with a pen = with pens

        六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過

        1.across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.

        2.through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.

        3.over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.

        4.by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.

        Can you swim ______ the river ?

        the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .

        I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.

        I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .

        七.in front of / in the front of

        1.in the front of 表示在…….內(nèi)部的前面

        2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面

        There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .

        There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.

        八.其它介詞的用法:

        1.at的其它用法.

        1).表示 “從事或正在做某事”,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞.

        She is at work now = She is working now .

        2)at表示 “價(jià)格或速度”

        The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .

        2.in的其它用法:

        1)in表示 “在……方面”

        詞組:do well in = be good at

        be weak in

        2)in 表示 “穿著”后接表顏色的詞或衣服.

        詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服

        3)in作副詞, “在家” = at home

        3.like 的用法:

        1).像/和……一樣. 常與系動(dòng)詞連用.

        詞組: look like sound like

        2).與what 連用, “是什么樣子, 怎樣”.

        What is he like ? He is kind .

        4.off的用法:

        1).從……下來, 脫離某物體.

        詞組: fall off

        2). “休假”通常放在時(shí)間名詞之后.

        詞組: have +時(shí)間+ off

        He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .

        5.except / besides

        1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi).

        注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也沒有.

        2).besdies除了……之外,還有…… . 包括在范圍之內(nèi).

        We all went swimming ______ Lucy .

        There is _______ a letter in the box .

        We study Japanese and French____ English .

        6.with / without

        1).with具有,含有 -----反義詞: without 沒有

        詞組: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to

        without one’s help

        2).without 的用法:

        A).without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物

        B).without + doing sth .

        He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us

        C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.

        If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .

        7.on the tree /in the tree

        on the tree 表示 “樹上本身長(zhǎng)的東西” 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中” 人或物在樹上.

        There are some apples _____ the tree .

        There is a boy ____ the tree.

        8.since / for

        注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

        1).since :

        a).since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)

        b). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ since +一般過去時(shí)

        c).since +一段時(shí)間+ ago.

        2)for: for +一段時(shí)間= since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

        9.be made +介詞的區(qū)別:

        be made of 由…制成 (看得見原材料)

        be made from由…制成 (看不見原材料)

        be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)

        be made by sb. 由某人制造

        10.表示 “數(shù)量的介詞”

        about , round around over

        1). about , round around表示 “大約……”

        2).over 表示 “超過”= more than.

        11.inside / outside

        Inside 在……里面 ------反義詞:outside在….外面

        12.in the wall /on the wall

        in the wall 表示“門窗在墻上” on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”

        九.不用介詞的情況:

        1).當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí),不用介詞.

        What are you going to do tonight ?

        2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時(shí)間狀語.

        He went to Wuhan last week .

        3).以all 開頭的時(shí)間狀語前面不用介詞.

        He has worked all day .

        4).以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語前不用介詞.

        He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .

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