代詞
一.人稱代詞:
|
單數(shù) |
復數(shù) | ||||
|
主格 |
賓格 |
主格 |
賓格 | ||
第一人稱 |
I |
me |
we |
us | ||
第二人稱 |
you |
you |
you |
you | ||
第三人稱 |
it/she/he |
it/her/him |
they |
them |
1.主格作主語,賓格作動詞或介詞的賓語.
He teaches ______(we) Chinese .
2.三種人稱代詞并列時,順序為:
單數(shù):二,三,一 (You, she and I ) 復數(shù):一,二,三 (we , you and they )
注:若把責任擔,第一人稱最當先,(即若做錯事時,把第一人稱放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing .
Who broke the window ? I and Mike .
注:it 還有一些特別的用法。
1)用作形式主語,常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.
2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.
3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.
4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.
5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 從句”中.
6) 用作形式賓語, 用來代替動詞不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .
二.物主代詞.
|
第一人稱 |
第二人稱 |
第三人稱 | |||
|
單數(shù) |
復數(shù) |
單數(shù) |
復數(shù) |
單數(shù) |
復數(shù) |
形容詞性 |
my |
our |
your |
your |
its/his/her |
their |
名詞性 |
mine |
ours |
yours |
yours |
its/his/hers |
theirs |
1. 形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前,不能單獨使用。
2. 名詞性的物主代詞,后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。
Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .
This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1)名詞性的物主代詞相當于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個名詞.
(名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞)
2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時,后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.
My own house = a house of my own
三.反身代詞
|
單數(shù) |
復數(shù) |
第一人稱 |
myself |
ourselves |
第二人稱 |
yourself |
yourselves |
第三人稱 |
himself/herself/itself |
themselves |
記憶小竅門:
反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復數(shù)ves來把f替.
反身代詞的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneslf all by oneself
help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in
say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror
四.指示代詞
1.近指: this these 遠指: that those
2.用法:
1)that those 常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復. That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. Those 代替復數(shù)名詞.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A.this B.that C.one D.those
2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一個部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come .
3)在電話用語中,this 代替自己,而that 代替對方.
This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?
五.不定代詞的區(qū)別.
1.one與it 的區(qū)別
One 代替同類事物中的一種. 而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.
This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?
2.some與any 的區(qū)別
一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問句,條件句中.但在表建議的疑問句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 開頭或what about /how about …. 的句中。
May I have some water ?
He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .
3.many與much的區(qū)別
Many+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù) Much+不可數(shù)名詞 都相當于 a lot of +復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞
注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
4.a few /few /a little /little 的區(qū)別
|
表否定(幾乎沒有) |
表肯定(有一點/幾個) |
修飾可數(shù)名詞 |
few |
a few |
修飾不可數(shù)名詞 |
little |
a little |
The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .
Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .
5.each / every 的區(qū)別
each 表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個.
There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .
______ student has read a story .
注:each 可以與of 連用, each of 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).而every 不能與of 連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.
Each of us _______(study )hard .
6.no one 與none 的區(qū)別
no one 表示沒有人, 不能與of 連用. 而none of +復數(shù)名詞/ 代詞,作主語時,謂語常用單數(shù)。.
The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .
7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別
|
都 |
都不 |
任何一個 |
兩者之間 |
both |
neither |
either |
三者或三者以上 |
all |
none |
any |
There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all
注: 1). both 的否定詞是neither , all的否定詞是none.
2).both of 作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).
neither of作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).
Neither of the answers ______(be) right .
Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3).詞組
A) both …and …連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù). 同義詞組:not only …but also … 反義詞組: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞實行就近原則.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”
D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb 某人也不怎么樣.
If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.
Who 的回答:用no one 回答.
What 的回答:用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.
Who can answer the question ? _______.
A. None B.No one C.Nothing
8.other /the other /others /the others 的區(qū)別
|
(空)后面沒有名詞 |
(空)后面有名詞 |
有數(shù)量限制(特指) |
the others |
the other |
沒有數(shù)量限制(泛指) |
others |
other |
注: 1) one …the other … 表示兩者之間的一個……另一個……
2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個. 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù).
但 another +數(shù)字+ 復數(shù)名詞= 數(shù)字+ more +復數(shù)名詞 表示 “ 另外幾個……”
Would you like ______ apple ?
I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .
Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .
There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers
everyone |
每個,人人,大家 |
不與of 連用 |
every one |
每個人、物 |
可與of 連用 |
9.
Every one of us has seen the film .
Everyone should do their best .
10.復合不定代詞.
|
some |
any |
no |
every |
thing |
something |
anything |
nothing |
everything |
one |
someone |
anyone |
no one |
everyone |
body |
somebody |
anybody |
nobody |
everybody |
注: 1.復合不定代詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).
2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時, 形容詞放在不定代詞之后.
3.動詞不定式修飾不定代詞時, 動詞不定式放在不定代詞之后.
4.復合不定代詞用于反義疑問句中,
1)指人的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用he 或they .
2)指物的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用 it .
5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人”
Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?
Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?
I want something ________ (eat ).