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      2016年中考英語考點分析:代詞

      來源:中華考試網(wǎng)收藏本頁   【 】  [ 2016年4月28日 ]

        代詞

        一.人稱代詞:

              

      單數(shù)

      復數(shù)

       

      主格

      賓格

      主格

      賓格

      第一人稱

      I

      me

      we

      us

      第二人稱

      you

      you

      you

      you

      第三人稱

      it/she/he

      it/her/him

      they

      them

        1.主格作主語,賓格作動詞或介詞的賓語.

        He teaches ______(we) Chinese .

        2.三種人稱代詞并列時,順序為:

        單數(shù):二,三,一 (You, she and I ) 復數(shù):一,二,三 (we , you and they )

        注:若把責任擔,第一人稱最當先,(即若做錯事時,把第一人稱放在最前面.)

        She and I have been to Beijing .

        Who broke the window ? I and Mike .

        注:it 還有一些特別的用法。

        1)用作形式主語,常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.

        2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.

        3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.

        4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.

        5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 從句”中.

        6) 用作形式賓語, 用來代替動詞不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .

        二.物主代詞.

       

      第一人稱

      第二人稱

      第三人稱

       

      單數(shù)

      復數(shù)

      單數(shù)

      復數(shù)

      單數(shù)

      復數(shù)

      形容詞性

      my

      our

      your

      your

      its/his/her

      their

      名詞性

      mine

      ours

      yours

      yours

      its/his/hers

      theirs

        1. 形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前,不能單獨使用。

        2. 名詞性的物主代詞,后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。

        Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .

        This is a friend of ______(my).

        注: 1)名詞性的物主代詞相當于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個名詞.

        (名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞)

        2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時,后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.

        My own house = a house of my own

        三.反身代詞

       

      單數(shù)

      復數(shù)

      第一人稱

      myself

      ourselves

      第二人稱

      yourself

      yourselves

      第三人稱

      himself/herself/itself

      themselves

        記憶小竅門:

        反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復數(shù)ves來把f替.

        反身代詞的常用搭配:

        enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneslf all by oneself

        help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in

        say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror

        四.指示代詞

        1.近指: this these 遠指: that those

        2.用法:

        1)that those 常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復. That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. Those 代替復數(shù)名詞.

        The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .

        The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

        A.this B.that C.one D.those

        2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一個部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.

        He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come .

        3)在電話用語中,this 代替自己,而that 代替對方.

        This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?

        五.不定代詞的區(qū)別.

        1.one與it 的區(qū)別

        One 代替同類事物中的一種. 而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.

        This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?

        2.some與any 的區(qū)別

        一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問句,條件句中.但在表建議的疑問句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 開頭或what about /how about …. 的句中。

        May I have some water ?

        He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .

        3.many與much的區(qū)別

        Many+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù) Much+不可數(shù)名詞 都相當于 a lot of +復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞

        注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .

        4.a few /few /a little /little 的區(qū)別

       

      表否定(幾乎沒有)

      表肯定(有一點/幾個)

      修飾可數(shù)名詞

      few

      a few

      修飾不可數(shù)名詞

      little

      a little

        The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .

        Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .

        5.each / every 的區(qū)別

        each 表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個.

        There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .

        ______ student has read a story .

        注:each 可以與of 連用, each of 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).而every 不能與of 連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.

        Each of us _______(study )hard .

        6.no one 與none 的區(qū)別

        no one 表示沒有人, 不能與of 連用. 而none of +復數(shù)名詞/ 代詞,作主語時,謂語常用單數(shù)。.

        The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .

        7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別

       

      都不

      任何一個

      兩者之間

      both

      neither

      either

      三者或三者以上

      all

      none

      any

        There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all

        注: 1). both 的否定詞是neither , all的否定詞是none.

        2).both of 作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).

        neither of作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).

        Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

        Both of my parents _______(be) workers.

        3).詞組

        A) both …and …連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù). 同義詞組:not only …but also … 反義詞組: neither … nor …

        Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .

        B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞實行就近原則.

        Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .

        One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

        C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”

        D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither … sb 某人也不怎么樣.

        If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)

        4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.

        Who 的回答:用no one 回答.

        What 的回答:用nothing 回答.

        How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.

        Who can answer the question ? _______.

        A. None B.No one C.Nothing

        8.other /the other /others /the others 的區(qū)別

       

      (空)后面沒有名詞

      (空)后面有名詞

      有數(shù)量限制(特指)

      the others

      the other

      沒有數(shù)量限制(泛指)

      others

      other

        注: 1) one …the other … 表示兩者之間的一個……另一個……

        2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……

        3) another 表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個. 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù).

        但 another +數(shù)字+ 復數(shù)名詞= 數(shù)字+ more +復數(shù)名詞 表示 “ 另外幾個……”

        Would you like ______ apple ?

        I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .

        Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .

        There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers

      everyone

      每個,人人,大家

      不與of 連用

      every one

      每個人、物

      可與of 連用

        9.

        Every one of us has seen the film .

        Everyone should do their best .

        10.復合不定代詞.

       

      some

      any

      no

      every

      thing

      something

      anything

      nothing

      everything

      one

      someone

      anyone

      no one

      everyone

      body

      somebody

      anybody

      nobody

      everybody

        注: 1.復合不定代詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).

        2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時, 形容詞放在不定代詞之后.

        3.動詞不定式修飾不定代詞時, 動詞不定式放在不定代詞之后.

        4.復合不定代詞用于反義疑問句中,

        1)指人的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用he 或they .

        2)指物的不定代詞, 其反義疑問句中的主語用 it .

        5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……/任何物/任何人”

        Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?

        Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?

        I want something ________ (eat ).

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