命題點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞不定式(to do something.)的用法(2011年、2010年各1次)
動(dòng)詞不定式可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1.作主語(yǔ)。不定式作主語(yǔ)往往用形式主語(yǔ)it代替，作為句子真正主語(yǔ)的不定式則后置。常用句型：Itis 加形容詞加(for/of) sombody.to do something.。如：
Itis nice of you to take pictures for us. 你真好，給我們照相。
2.作表語(yǔ)。常放于系動(dòng)詞be之后。如：
To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(百聞不如一見(jiàn)。)
3.作賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
would like/want to do
想要做like to do
喜歡做……agree to do
同意做……h(huán)ope/wish to do
希望做……decide to do
決定做……try to do
盡力做……begin/start to do
開(kāi)始做……expect to do
期望做……refuse to do
拒絕做……afford to do
有能力做……learn to do
學(xué)習(xí)做……plan to do
計(jì)劃做……prefer to do
更喜歡做……continue to do
繼續(xù)做……promise to do
承諾做……如：I would like to have a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。
4.作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要置于被修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。如：
I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有空。我有很多事要做。
5.作狀語(yǔ)。如：
Paul is too excited to say anything. 保羅激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)了。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
He opened the door for her to come in. 他打開(kāi)門(mén)讓她進(jìn)來(lái)。(目的狀語(yǔ))
I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)你媽媽生病住院了我很難過(guò)。(原因狀語(yǔ))
6.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
tell somebody. to do
告訴某人做……ask somebody. to do
要求某人做……wish somebody. to do
希望某人做……invite somebody. to do
邀請(qǐng)某人做……want somebody. to do
想要某人做……teach somebody. to do
教某人做……allow somebody. to do
允許某人做……force somebody to do
強(qiáng)迫某人做……expect somebody. to do
期望某人做……h(huán)elp somebody. to do
幫助某人做……advise somebody. to do
建議某人做……persuade somebody. to do
勸告某人做……如： Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜讓她姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。
注意：在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, notice, feel等詞后，要把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。如：
I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 剛才我看到我們的英語(yǔ)老師走進(jìn)辦公室了。
命題點(diǎn)2“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法(2009年1次)
動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么時(shí)候去北京還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。(作主語(yǔ))
I have not decided yet when to leave. 我還沒(méi)決定什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。(作賓語(yǔ))
注意：“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
Can you tell me where to get the scarf?
等于Can you tell me where I can get the scarf?
你能告訴我哪里能買(mǎi)到這條圍巾嗎?
命題點(diǎn)3動(dòng)名詞(v.ing)的用法
動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
1.作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為句型：It is加形容詞.加to do加something.。如：
Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
等于It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food. 吃太多的垃圾食品對(duì)身體健康有害。
2.作表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)。如：
His favorite sport is playing pingpong.等于Playing pingpong is his favorite sport. 他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打乒乓球。
3.作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)表示用途。如：
There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前候車(chē)室里還有好多人。
4.作賓語(yǔ)。
◆常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
enjoy doing something.喜歡做某事
keep doing something.不間斷地做某事
suggest doing something.建議做某事
finish doing something.做完某事
practice doing something.練習(xí)做某事
mind doing something.介意做某事
◆常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)有：
be interested in對(duì)……感興趣
give up放棄
put off推遲
feel like想要
have fun……有樂(lè)趣
have a hard time……有困難
look forward to盼望
pay attention to注意
，我們將會(huì)及時(shí)處理。
