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      2016中考英語知識點梳理:短語動詞和句型的講解_第3頁

      來源:中華考試網收藏本頁   【 】  [ 2015年10月13日 ]

        (13)talk about(談話;交談),talk with(和……交談)

        (14)turn on(打開電燈,收音機,煤氣,自來水等),turn off(關上電燈,收音機,煤氣,自來水等),turn down(關小;調低),turn…over(把…..翻過來)

        (15)think of(認為;想起),think about(考慮)

        3.句子的基本句型結構

        根據(jù)句子所用動詞的不同,句子可歸納為五個基本句型。

        (1)主語+連系動詞+表語。例如:

        My mother is a doctor.

        Her voice sounds nice.

        (2)主語+不及物動詞。例如:

        He runs fast.

        We study hard.

        (3)主語+及物動詞+賓語。例如:

        Children often sing this song.

        He studies English.

        1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:

        She enjoys reading novels and swimming.

        I finished reading the book last night.

        2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:

        Where do wish to sit?

        Tom agreed to lend some money.

        3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作賓語,但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有:remember, forget等。例如:

        Please remember to post the letter for me.

        請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。

        I remember posting the letter.

        我記得那封信寄過了。

        Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿,不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語,而是作狀語。試比較下列句子:

        He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。

        He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。

        4)有些及物動詞的賓語,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:

        I like to swim in summer.

        I like swimming in summer.

        (4)主語+及物動詞+ 間接賓語+直接賓語。例如:

        My father bought me a new bike.

        He gave me an apple.

        1)及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物。指人的為間接賓語,

        指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下,間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。如果要

        把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓語前需加介詞。例如:

        Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.

        Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.

        2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓前有時加介詞to, 有時加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在動詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:

        Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?

        Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.

        (5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語。例如:

        We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

        I hear someone singing in the next room.

        1)及物動詞指后跟有復合賓語,一個是賓語,一個是賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。例如:

        We call him Jack.

        Don’t get your hands dirty.

        2)在及物動詞之后,用不定式作賓語補足語和用-ing形式作賓語補足語表示

        的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補足語指事情的全過程;用-ing形式作

        賓語補足語指正在進行的動作的一部分。例如:

        I heard him sing that song. (我聽他唱過那首歌。)

        When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.

        (我回來時,聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)

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