專題三 非謂語動詞
重難點精講考點精講
命題點1動詞不定式(to do something.)的用法(2011年、2010年各1次)
動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。
1.作主語。不定式作主語往往用形式主語it代替，作為句子真正主語的不定式則后置。常用句型：Itis 加形容詞加(for/of) sombody.to do something.。如：
Itis nice of you to take pictures for us. 你真好，給我們照相。
2.作表語。常放于系動詞be之后。如：
To see is to believe. 眼見為實。(百聞不如一見。)
3.作賓語。常見的后面接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：
would like/want to do
想要做like to do
喜歡做……agree to do
同意做……h(huán)ope/wish to do
希望做……decide to do
決定做……try to do
盡力做……begin/start to do
開始做……expect to do
期望做……refuse to do
拒絕做……afford to do
有能力做……learn to do
學習做……plan to do
計劃做……prefer to do
更喜歡做……continue to do
繼續(xù)做……promise to do
承諾做……如：I would like to have a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。
4.作定語。動詞不定式作定語時，要置于被修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語。如：
I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我現(xiàn)在沒有空。我有很多事要做。
5.作狀語。如：
Paul is too excited to say anything. 保羅激動得說不出話來了。(結(jié)果狀語)
He opened the door for her to come in. 他打開門讓她進來。(目的狀語)
I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital. 聽說你媽媽生病住院了我很難過。(原因狀語)
6.作賓語補足語。常見的后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：
tell somebody. to do
告訴某人做……ask somebody. to do
要求某人做……wish somebody. to do
希望某人做……invite somebody. to do
邀請某人做……want somebody. to do
想要某人做……teach somebody. to do
教某人做……allow somebody. to do
允許某人做……force somebody to do
強迫某人做……expect somebody. to do
期望某人做……h(huán)elp somebody. to do
幫助某人做……advise somebody. to do
建議某人做……persuade somebody. to do
勸告某人做……如： Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜讓她姐姐把電視機的音量調(diào)小點。
注意：在使役動詞make, let, have和感官動詞see, hear, watch, notice, feel等詞后，要把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。如：
I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 剛才我看到我們的英語老師走進辦公室了。
命題點2“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法(2009年1次)
動詞不定式與疑問詞連用可用作主語或賓語。如：
When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么時候去北京還沒定下來。(作主語)
I have not decided yet when to leave. 我還沒決定什么時候離開。(作賓語)
注意：“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語時可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句。如：
Can you tell me where to get the scarf?
等于Can you tell me where I can get the scarf?
你能告訴我哪里能買到這條圍巾嗎?
命題點3動名詞(v.ing)的用法
動名詞相當于名詞，可作主語、表語、定語和賓語。
1.作主語。動名詞(短語)作主語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為句型：It is加形容詞.加to do加something.。如：
Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.
等于It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food. 吃太多的垃圾食品對身體健康有害。
2.作表語。動名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動名詞(短語)作主語。如：
His favorite sport is playing pingpong.等于Playing pingpong is his favorite sport. 他最喜歡的運動是打乒乓球。
3.作定語。動名詞(短語)作定語表示用途。如：
There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前候車室里還有好多人。
4.作賓語。
◆常接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：
enjoy doing something.喜歡做某事
keep doing something.不間斷地做某事
suggest doing something.建議做某事
finish doing something.做完某事
practice doing something.練習做某事
mind doing something.介意做某事
◆常接動名詞作賓語的短語有：
be interested in對……感興趣
give up放棄
put off推遲
feel like想要
have fun……有樂趣
have a hard time……有困難
look forward to盼望
pay attention to注意
，我們將會及時處理。
