如：It is two years since his father died.

　　=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。

　　(3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

　　如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。

　　(4) 表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，常用 for+一段時(shí)間, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

　　I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。

　　I have lived here for 10 years. 我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。

　　(5) 在提問現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)通常用 how long

　　How long have you lived here?

　　注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：

　　I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。

　　I have lived here for a week by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。

　　I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。

　　二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;而一般過去時(shí)表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。

　　I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。

　　1. 過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

　　2. 過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。

　　一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:

　　yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語

　　共同的時(shí)間狀語:

　　this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語

　　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

　　3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

　　過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

　　舉例：

　　I saw this film yesterday. 　　 (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)

　　I have seen this film.　 　　　 (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)

　　Why did you get up so early? 　 (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。)

　　Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。)

　　She has returned from Paris. 　　她已從巴黎回來了。

　　She returned yesterday.　 　　 　她是昨天回來了。

　　He has been in the League for three years. 　　(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

　　He has been a League member for three years. 　(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

　　He joined the League three years ago. 　　　　 ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)

　　I have finished my homework now.

　　---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

　　---He's already been sent for.

　　句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。

　　(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　　(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

　　三、練習(xí)題

　　1. A. 用 already或 yet

　　1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___.

　　2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ .

　　3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___.

　　B.用 since或 for

　　1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term.

　　2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week.

　　3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks.

　　C. 用have gone或 have been

　　1) Where are the boy students? They _____ to the school factory.

　　2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ?

　　Yes, he ___ there several times

　　3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before.

　　I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before.

　　2. 選擇填空

　　1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.

　　A. had made…h(huán)ave tried 　 B. made…h(huán)ave tried

　　C. has made…tried　　　　 D. made…tried

　　2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “