托�？荚囎魑姆段模喝巳硕伎梢愿淖儹h(huán)境

　　托福獨立寫作話題：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because environmental issues are too complicated, individuals can do nothing to solve them.

　　參考范文：

　　Our current environmental problems grow ever more serious. Sometimes they seem so serious and confusing that it seems an individual could never do anything to help fi x the problems. Personally speaking, I believe that individuals can make a difference. There are at least two areas where the efforts of ordinary individuals can be meaningful in solving environmental issues.

　　Firstly, individuals can protect environment by changing their ways of waste disposal. If every person would classify his or her garbage before throwing it away, much of it could be recycled and pollution could be reduced. Just take beverage cans as one example. Recent surveys suggest that over 7,000 tons of waste beverage cans go un-recycled each year in America alone. The cost of finding these cans after they have been thrown away, reclassifying them as recyclable and then sending them to be recycled is far higher than simply making new ones. However, if individuals would sort their cans before they discard them, and then discard them into the proper containers, the expense of recycling would decline greatly and there would be reduction in absolute pollution caused by the beverage cans. This is just one area where an individual can make a difference.

　　Secondly, environmental problems will be somewhat revolved once individuals in society consume less energy. It is because the requirement of natural resources used to produce energy will reduce and as a result, the environmental damage human inflicts will also decline. As an academic survey indicates, if every family in American could reduce their electricity use by 5% a year,1.65 billion units would be saved. It means that the generator motived by coals in the whole country can take a break for more than a month. In fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals. Consequently, for winning the battle of protecting environment, individuals’ endeavor, undoubtedly, is a great strength that should not be ignored.

　　Admittedly, most people do not have the specialized knowledge and skills to tackle many issues related to the environment. Besides, they do not have the influence to change entire systems. Nevertheless, the claim that individuals can do nothing to solve these issues is an obvious overstatement. In fact, the power that individual can exert is much more than we can expect.

　　In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that individuals can do nothing in solving environmental problems since the issues are too complicated.

　　參考譯文：

　　當前我們面臨的環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)越來越嚴峻了。有時這些問題看起來格外嚴重，令人不知所措，以至于人們覺得個人在解決環(huán)境問題方面已經(jīng)無能為力了。然而在我看來，即使是個人也可以盡自己的一份努力，來改變這一現(xiàn)狀。至少在下面兩個方面，普通人也能為之做出有意義的貢獻。

　　首先，人們可以通過改變垃圾丟棄的方式，來保護環(huán)境。如果每個人都能在丟掉垃圾之前將其分類，那么這些垃圾中的一大部分就可以被回收，進而減少污染。以飲料罐為例。最近一項調查顯示，僅在美國，每年就有超過 7000 噸廢飲料罐未能得到回收。如果人們要找回這些已丟棄的飲料罐，并將其重新分類、回收利用，其成本要比制造新罐子高得多。然而，如果人們可以事先分揀出這些廢罐子，并將它們扔到相應的垃圾箱里，回收的費用則將大大下降，而由飲料罐引起的污染也會有所減少。以上這不過是個人能夠為環(huán)保做出貢獻的諸多領域之一。

　　其次，如果每個人能夠降低自己對能源的消耗，那么環(huán)境問題也將在一定程度上得到解決。這是由于人們不再需要消耗大量的自然資源來制造能源。自然資源消耗的下降及工業(yè)生產的縮減，會降低人類對環(huán)境造成的損害。一份學術調查表明，如果所有的美國家庭每年能減少 5% 的用電量，那么便可節(jié)省 16.5 億度電，而這意味著全國以燃煤為動力的發(fā)電機可以少工作一月有余。事實上， 那不僅能減少人們對自然資源的消耗，同時也能夠減輕因燒煤而引起的空氣污染。因此，要贏得環(huán)保戰(zhàn)斗的勝利，個人的努力，毫無疑問，是一個不應被忽視的強大力量。

　　誠然，大多數(shù)人不具備解決諸多環(huán)境問題的專業(yè)知識和技能。此外，他們也沒有足夠的影響力以改變整個體系。但即使這樣，聲稱個人在解決這些問題上完全無能為力顯然言過其實了。事實上，個人能夠發(fā)揮出的力量是遠遠超過我們預期的。

　　綜上所述，我不認同“環(huán)境問題太過復雜，因此個人在解決這些問題上無能為力”這個說法。

　　范文解析：

　　這篇范文共五段。首段依然是引子、點題、觀點、鋪墊四個要素。對于本題的話題，即個人是否在應對復雜的環(huán)境問題面前無能為力，作者持的是一種否定態(tài)度，并在其后的兩個正論段中，從垃圾處理和能源節(jié)約方面進行了論證。另外，作者在論述以上兩段時，也分別給出了具體的數(shù)據(jù)，作為細節(jié)加以佐證。在讓步段中，作者使用了“讓步句 +讓步論證 +轉折句 +轉折論證”的四句話論證法。值得注意的是，這一次的讓步論證中，作者給出了與讓步句論點平行的另一觀點，來對其做出補充說明�？傮w上說，整篇文章長度適中，且語言亮點較多，難度適中，非常適合考生模仿研習。

　　加分單詞和詞組

　　disposal [dɪˈspəʊz(ə)l] n. ( 事情的 ) 處置;

　　( 廢物的 ) 清理、處理sort [sɔː(r)t] vt. 將……分類;

　　挑選出某物discard [dɪsˈkɑː(r)d] vt. 拋棄;

　　丟棄generator [ˈdʒenəˌreɪtə(r) ] n. 發(fā)電機;

　　生產者tackle [ˈtæk(ə)l] vt. 處理;

　　與……交涉make a difference：有影響;起作用

　　for winning the battle of：為了獲取……斗爭的勝利

　　經(jīng)典句型

　　I disagree with the idea that ...：我不同意……的觀點sth. is much more than we can expect：某事(物)大大超出了我們的預期in fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals: 事實上，那不僅能減少人們對自然資源的消耗， 同時也能夠減輕因燃煤而引起的空氣污染注：本句 not only 的分句中使用了倒裝結構，對句子加以強調，情態(tài)動詞 can 提到了形式主語it的前面。需要注意的是后一個分句，即 but also引導的分句不倒裝，can 仍然在主語 it 之后。此外，本句還使用了后置定語結構 caused by burningcoals，對賓語 air pollution 進行修飾。