托福寫作模擬試題：棕櫚樹擴(kuò)大種植

　　閱讀主要觀點(diǎn)提�。�

　　總論點(diǎn)：棕櫚油(palm oil)可以應(yīng)用到很多領(lǐng)域，近些年得到廣泛關(guān)注。專家認(rèn)為要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大棕櫚樹的生長(zhǎng)。

　　分論點(diǎn)一：種植棕櫚樹可以保護(hù)森林。因?yàn)樽貦皹涞漠a(chǎn)油量高于其它農(nóng)作物，所以需要的土地相對(duì)較少，可以避免過度砍伐森林。

　　分論點(diǎn)二：將棕櫚油用作生物柴油(biodiesel)可以減少碳排放。碳排放降低了，對(duì)緩解全球氣候變化有積極的影響。

　　分論點(diǎn)三：生產(chǎn)棕櫚油可以緩解貧困。大部分棕櫚樹都是由低收入的農(nóng)民種植的。并且，棕櫚樹相比于其他農(nóng)作物利潤(rùn)更高，所以可以提高這部分農(nóng)民的生活水平。

　　聽力主要觀點(diǎn)提取：

　　總論點(diǎn)：種植棕櫚樹有消極的影響不應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。

　　分論點(diǎn)一：種植棕櫚樹會(huì)進(jìn)一步加劇森林的砍伐。因?yàn)�，棕櫚油可以用在很多方面，如食品和化妝品(cosmetics)。因此，全球?qū)ψ貦坝偷男枨笤诓粩嗵嵘�。這會(huì)促使農(nóng)民砍伐更多森林來種植棕櫚樹。一個(gè)國(guó)家，每分鐘就有7000平方米的森林被砍伐來生長(zhǎng)棕櫚樹。

　　分論點(diǎn)二：燃燒棕櫚油制成的生物柴油會(huì)增加碳排放。汽車使用生物柴油會(huì)產(chǎn)生較少的碳排放。但是，生產(chǎn)棕櫚樹的過程卻會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多碳排放。因?yàn)�，農(nóng)民需要先將土地上的植被燒掉來種植棕櫚樹，在燒的過程中，會(huì)燃燒一種泥煤(peat)。泥煤中含有大量的碳，所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的碳排放。

　　分論點(diǎn)三：從長(zhǎng)期來看，農(nóng)民的收入不會(huì)提高。一開始，是農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)棕櫚樹。到后來，大規(guī)模的公司會(huì)開始種植棕櫚樹并控制利潤(rùn)。

　　托福綜合寫作新題滿分范文：

　　The reading argues that palm oil production has positive effects and is supposed to be expanded. On the contrary, the listening believes that there are serious negative effects and the expansion of palm oil production is not a good idea.

　　First, the passage states that palm tree farming helps preserve forests. However, the lecture denies the idea by saying that the increasing demand for palm trees because of its widely use in food and cosmetics products forces farmers to clear more forests to grow more palm trees. It results in increasing deforestation around the world.

　　In addition, the professor says that though it is true that using biodiesel made from palm oil can produce fewer emissions. Growing palm trees, however, generates a lot more carbon emissions, which contradicts the idea proposed in the reading. In order to gain the land for palm tree farming, farmers clear the land by burning plants including peat which stores huge amounts of carbon. This burning process will send out large quantities of carbon emissions.

　　Finally, the reading holds that producing palm oil helps poor small-scale farmers. The professor points out that they will not control the farms too long. In the long run, the large-scale companies will obtain lands and thus control most profits. Consequently, small-scale farmers will not get much return. (218words)