2018年托�？谡Z考試題庫：關(guān)于家庭

　　* 家庭成員： great-grandfather, great-grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, wife, husband, son, daughter, older brother, older sister, young brother, young sister, grandson, granddaughter, etc.

　　* 家庭類型： a nuclear / small family核心家庭a big / large/extended family大家庭a single-parent family單親家庭

　　* 親戚關(guān)系： grandaunt姑婆，姨婆;granduncle伯公，叔公，舅公，姑公，姨公; aunt 嬸母，伯母，姨母，舅母; uncle 叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父; cousin堂兄弟(姐妹)，表兄弟(姐妹); cousin-in-law堂姐(妹)夫，堂嫂，堂弟媳，表姐(妹)夫，表嫂，表弟媳; brother-in-law 姐夫，妹夫; sister-in-law姑，姨，嫂，弟媳; son-in-law女婿; daughter-in-law兒媳; nephew 侄兒，外甥; niece侄女，外甥女; grandnephew甥(外)孫，侄(外)孫; grandniece甥(外)孫女，侄(外)孫女; grandson-in-law孫女婿;granddaughter-in-law孫媳婦;etc.

　　* 常用短語： feed / raise / support a family撫養(yǎng)家庭; found / start a family 建立家庭;family property家產(chǎn); family financial situation家境; family history家史; family tree家譜;family origin家庭出身; family responsibilities家庭責(zé)任; family function 家庭功能; family relationship 家庭關(guān)系; family planning 家庭計(jì)劃; family education 家庭教育; family structure 家庭結(jié)構(gòu); family ethics 家庭倫理; family consumption 家庭消費(fèi);etc.

　　* 常用句型： 1. What do you want to say about your family? 2. How many people are there in your family? 3. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 4. Are you the oldest/youngest in your family?5. What do your parents do? 6. I grew up in a very close, loving family.7. I keep in touch with my family regularly. 8. I miss my family very much.

　　2. 實(shí)例：

　　Narrator：

　　Now first listen to a conversation about the family and say something about Brian’s family. Please Listen Carefully. Lin: Brian, what’s up? You look unhappy. Brian: Oh, nothing particular, Lin. Just that I miss my family terribly. Lin: Me too. How many people are there in your family? Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I. Lin: What do they do? Brian: My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse. My older sister studies in Beijing, and we email each other fairly often. Lin: Are your parents strict with you? Brian: Yes, I think so. When I was at home, I had to clean my own room, help with house chores, finish my homework before dinner time, get back home no later than 9:00 in the evening, and so no. Lin: That’s good for you. Do you get along well with your family? Brian: Sure. I’m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. I love them. Narrator:

　　You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.

　　2 seconds beep] Preparation time: 15 seconds

　　Response time: 45 seconds

　　Narrator:

　　Please begin speaking after the beep.

　　2 seconds beep] Suggested Answer:

　　There are four members in Brian’s family, his father, his mother, the elder sister and him. His father works in a computer company, and his mother is a nurse in a hospital. His older sister studies in Beijing, and they get in touch with each other by email. His parents are strict with him. When he was at home, he had to clean his own room, help with house chores, finish his homework before dinner time and get back home before 9:00. In short, Brian lives in a strict yet loving family.

　　詞匯與解析： WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

　　1. be strict with: 嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的

　　2. house chores: 家務(wù)事，家務(wù)活

　　3. get along with: 進(jìn)展(情況);生活地，(友好地)與……相處

　　4. get in touch with 保持聯(lián)系 答案解析：

　　這是兩名學(xué)生在討論家庭的一篇對(duì)話。這篇對(duì)話傳遞了三個(gè)信息。我們首先了解了Brian的家庭成員(Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I.);其次，了解了Brian父母親的職業(yè) (My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse.)，他的父親在一家計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作，母親是護(hù)士。最后，我們從對(duì)話中得知，Brian的父母親對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格：Brian在家的時(shí)候，他得自己打掃房間，幫助父母做家務(wù)活，晚飯前必須做完家庭作業(yè)，晚上九點(diǎn)之前必須回家。這些具體事例有力地證明了Brian的父母對(duì)他的嚴(yán)格要求。

　　我們不難看出Brian父母的良苦用心，希望Brian學(xué)習(xí)上養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，生活上鍛煉他自理的能力，要求他分擔(dān)家務(wù)。家長培養(yǎng)孩子長大成材，就得從小事抓起，溺愛孩子只會(huì)使孩子?jì)缮鷳T養(yǎng)，依賴性強(qiáng)，事業(yè)上無所成就。這篇對(duì)話篇幅不長，卻體現(xiàn)了值得大家學(xué)習(xí)的一種家庭教育理念。

　　對(duì)話的語言口語化，流暢自然，句型表達(dá)地道，其中不乏我們可以模仿的好句子：1. Just that I miss my family terribly. 只是我很想家。2. Lin: Do you get along well with your family? Brian: Sure. I’m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. 你和家人相處得好嗎?當(dāng)然，我非常幸運(yùn)地生活在一個(gè)要求嚴(yán)格卻充滿愛心的家庭。

　　在討論“家庭”這類話題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該盡量多掌握有關(guān)家庭的文化背景知識(shí)，家庭是社會(huì)的一個(gè)基本單位，理想的家庭會(huì)給家庭成員提供保護(hù)、安全、和溝通情感的機(jī)會(huì)。在不同的社會(huì)里，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)，家庭成員的需要不盡相同�，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)流行的家庭模式主要有以下三種：1)核心家庭，the nuclear family --- two adults and their children, 即父母親和他們的孩子，這是一些國家流行的家庭模式。2)大家庭，an extended family, 由祖父母和其他親戚組成的一個(gè)大家族，這種模式在一些發(fā)展中國家和農(nóng)村非常盛行。3)單親家庭，a single-parent family，孩子與離異的父親或者母親生活，或者是未婚母親與子女。

　　我們同時(shí)還應(yīng)該注意到家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、居住的環(huán)境會(huì)影響到孩子的綜合素質(zhì)及與父母親的關(guān)系�？偟膩砜矗瑏碜暂^高收入的家庭、居住在郊區(qū)的孩子與父母關(guān)系和睦;而家境貧寒、居住在城里的孩子與父母的關(guān)系比較冷漠，比較疏遠(yuǎn)。