c.比喻

　　比喻可以用明喻，有標(biāo)志性詞，如as if, like. 也可以用暗喻，即沒(méi)有明確的詞表示“像…一樣”。

　　題目：Is it better to change one’s attitude than to change one’s circumstances?

　　“I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.” The wind is the unchangeable circumstance, and the sail symbolized our attitude towards the world. The environment will be stable, but we can change our attitude to adapt it and manipulate it to serve us.

　　這段表達(dá)中就用“風(fēng)與帆”比喻“環(huán)境和態(tài)度”，表意清晰，形象生動(dòng)。

　　再如“A is to B what C is to D.”就是比喻，表達(dá)A對(duì)B的重要性，就好比C對(duì)D。C 對(duì)D，可以用 “water to fish”; “foundation to skyscraper”, 從而表達(dá)A對(duì)B的重要性不可忽略。

　　2 巧用副詞

　　副詞不僅可以修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。巧用副詞，可是文章更簡(jiǎn)潔更地道。

　　如：令人擔(dān)憂的是，很多現(xiàn)代人，尤其是年輕人，一直受到不健康飲食的困擾。

　　Alarmingly, many modern people, especially youngsters, have been suffering from unwholesome eating habits.

　　Alarmingly修飾整個(gè)句子，不用冗長(zhǎng)地表達(dá)為 “what worries people is that”。

　　再如“對(duì)身體有害”，與其表達(dá)為“be bad/harmful for one’s health”,倒不如用副詞修飾形容詞表達(dá)為“be physically detrimental”，既簡(jiǎn)潔又避免重復(fù)。同理，若想表達(dá)“對(duì)身心不利”，便可表達(dá)為“physically and mentally detrimental”。以下在補(bǔ)充一些托福寫作中常用的副詞

　　1) Considerably/tremendously/strikingly 非常，極其

　　2) Invariably常常，通常

　　3) Undoubtedly/indisputably/incontrovertibly毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)

　　4) Increasingly 越來(lái)越多地

　　5) Most/exceedingly/exceptionally 格外地

　　6) Insightfully 富有見(jiàn)底地

　　7) Effectively and efficiently 有效果有效率地

　　8) Gradually and eventually 逐漸并最終

　　9) Readily=easily 容易地

　　10)economically and technologically 經(jīng)濟(jì)及技術(shù)上地。

　　愿考生可在托福寫作中妙筆生花。