TPO2托福聽力Lecture4原文文本

　　Bode’s Law

　　Professor: OK, let’s get going. Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered. And ...I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, ...6, ...12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female student: Multiplying by 2?

　　Professor: Right, I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be…

　　Female student: 48.

　　Professor: 48, then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 …How am I getting this second row?

　　Male Student: Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.

　　Professor: I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female Student: Putting in a decimal?

　　Professor: Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury...Venus...Earth...Mars. So, what do the numbers mean? Do you remember from the reading?

　　Male Student: Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?

　　Professor: Right, in astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by ...6 or 7 percent or so. It’s ...but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern is known as Bode’s Law.

　　Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago. Well, you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2. 8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um ...but there wasn’t anything obvious there, in the early telescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of ...?

　　Female Student: Another planet?

　　Professor: The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun, and then in 1801, the object Ceres was discovered.

　　And Ceres was in the right place—the missing spot. Uh, but it was way too faint to be a planet. It looked like a little star. Uh, and because of its starlike appearance, um, it was called an “asteroid. ” OK? “Aster” is Greek for “star,” as in “astronomy. ” Um, and so, Ceres was the first and is the largest of what became many objects discovered at that same distance. Not just one thing, but all the objects found at that distance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is the most famous success of this Bode’s Law. That’s how the asteroid belt was discovered.

　　TPO2托福聽力Lecture4題目文本

　　1.What is Bode's law?

　　a) A law of gravitation

　　b) An estimate of the distance between Mars and Jupiter

　　c) A prediction of how many asteroids there are

　　d) A pattern in the spacing of the planets

　　2.Why does the professor explain Bode's Law to the class?

　　a) To describe the size of the asteroids

　　b) To explain how the asteroids belt was discovered

　　c) To explain how gravitational forces influence the planets

　　d) To describe the impact of telescopes on astronomy

　　3.How does the professor introduce Bode's Law?

　　a) By demonstrating how it is derived mathematically

　　b) By describing the discovery of Uranus

　　c) By drawing attention to the inaccuracy of a certain pattern

　　d) By telling the names of several of the asteroids

　　4.According to the professor, what two factors contributed to the discovery of the asteroid Ceres?

　　a) Improved telescopes

　　b) Advances in mathematics

　　c) The discovery of a new star

　　d) The position of Uranus in a pattern

　　5.What does the professor imply about the asteroid belt?

　　a) It is farther from the Sun than Uranus.

　　b) Bode believed it was made up of small stars.

　　c) It is located where people expected to find a planet.

　　d) Ceres is the only one of the asteroids that can be seen without a telescope.

　　6.Why does the professor say this?

　　a) To introduce an alternative application of Bode's Law

　　b) To give an example of what Bode's law cannot explain

　　c) To describe the limitations of gravitational theory

　　d) To contrast Bode's Law with a real scientific law

　　TPO2托福聽力Lecture4答案解析

　　第1題：細(xì)節(jié)題

　　正確答案：D

　　對應(yīng)原文：2'23"-2'30"...but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago.

　　解析：原文中教授直接提到pattern in the spacing ofo the planets,和選項D直接呼應(yīng)，表達也基本沒變。

　　第2題：主旨目的題

　　正確答案：B

　　對應(yīng)原文：0'12"-0'17"Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered.

　　解析：本文著重分析了什么是波德定律。它本身是行星在空間排列里，呈現(xiàn)出到太陽遠近舉例的有規(guī)律的數(shù)字模式

　　第3題：細(xì)節(jié)題

　　正確答案：A

　　對應(yīng)原文：0'18"-2'15"Professor:

　　And, I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, ... 6, ....12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female student:

　　Multiplying by 2?

　　Professor:

　　Right. I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be…

　　Female student

　　48.

　　Professor:

　　48. Then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 …How am I getting this second row?

　　Male Student:

　　Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.

　　Professor:

　　I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.

　　Female Student:

　　Putting in a decimal?

　　Professor:

　　Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury . . . Venus. . . Earth. . . Mars. So, what do the numbers mean? Do you remember from the reading?

　　Male Student:

　　Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?

　　Professor

　　Right. In astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by . . . 6 or 7 percent or so. It’s . . . but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern is known as Bode’s Law.

　　解析：教授是通過用數(shù)學(xué)推演的方式來介紹波德定律的。對一串?dāng)?shù)列進行加工、改進、添加單位，最后這個模式被稱為波德定律。

　　第4題：細(xì)節(jié)-多選題

　　正確答案：AD

　　對應(yīng)原文：2'48"-3'20"The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun, and then in 1801, the object Ceres was discovered.

　　解析：天王星的發(fā)現(xiàn)論證了波德定律的準(zhǔn)確性。這個推動人們?nèi)ミ\用這個定律去發(fā)現(xiàn)其他行星;而教授也重點提到了望遠鏡的改良的意義。

　　第5題：推斷題

　　正確答案：C

　　對應(yīng)原文：3'47"-3'59"Not just one thing, but all the objects found at that distance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is the most famous success of this Bode’s Law.

　　解析：當(dāng)波德定律的準(zhǔn)確性被驗證之后，當(dāng)時的人們熱衷尋找空缺位置的行星，但是卻找到了以谷神星為代表的一群微弱的小行星，也就是小行星帶。

　　第6題：重聽-目的題

　　正確答案：D

　　對應(yīng)原文：2'16"-2'24"Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, ...

　　解析：波德定律對于行星的預(yù)測只是一個大概的預(yù)測，而不是實實在在拿起計算器做出精密計算的一個理論。所以它并不是真正意義上的科學(xué)定律。