But you see, art in Renaissance Italy was very mucha collaborative business.

　　但是是這樣的，文藝復(fù)興時期的意大利的藝術(shù)很多都是協(xié)同進行的。

　　Painters and sculptors worked in a workshop. It wasalmost like a small business run by a master artist.

　　那時畫家和雕塑家在一個工作室里工作。幾乎就像一個由大師藝術(shù)家經(jīng)營的小生意。

　　You see, to deal with a wide variety of commissionsthey received, orders basically, for specific types ofart, specific projects, to handle these, masterartists often employed assistants as apprentices.

　　為了處理他們收到的大量不同的委托，主要是要具體類型的藝術(shù)作品的訂單，具體的設(shè)計，為了處理這些，大師藝術(shù)家通常會雇一些助手作為學(xué)徒。

　　And this was especially so if they worked on a large scale, huge paintings or sculptures, or ifthey were much in demand, like Raphael, for instance.

　　如果他們在進行一個大工程，巨大的畫作或雕塑，或者如果他們的需求很多的話，情況就更是如此了，比如Raphael。

　　He worked on some large paintings. He painted frescos for the Vatican. He also received a greatmany commissions.

　　他畫過一些大型的畫作，他給梵蒂岡畫過壁畫，也收到過很多很多委托。

　　There’s no way he could have completed every part of every project all by himself.

　　他是絕不可能光靠自己一個人完成每個項目的每一部分的。

　　Now, these assistants might work for the master artist on a temporary or a permanent basis.

　　這些助手也許是暫時或永久地為大師藝術(shù)家工作的。

　　And they might also specialize. For example, in Raphael’s workshop, which might be calledRaphael Incorporated, one of the assistants specialized in animals.

　　他們也許也有自己的專長。比如說，在Raphael的工作室，可能被稱作Raphael Incorporated，其中一個助手專攻畫動物。

　　He actually painted a good number of the animals in Raphaels’ art.

　　實際上他在Raphael的作品中畫過很多動物。