托福獨(dú)立寫作常見語法錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞

　　人們常常將動(dòng)詞比喻為句子的“靈魂”，由此可見動(dòng)詞在托福寫作中的重要性。本篇將從主謂一致、謂語的表現(xiàn)形式、謂語的語態(tài)三方面為大家梳理在托福寫作中常見的與謂語動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的語法錯(cuò)誤。

　　1.主謂一致

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.

　　A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

　　第一句句子的主語是books，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式are而不是is，這就是“主謂一致”，即：謂語動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致。因此，原句的正確表達(dá)為：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.

　　第二句句子的主語是a less complicated social environment，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式helps. 因此，原句的正確表達(dá)為：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

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　　The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.

　　A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.

　　在托福獨(dú)立寫作中，the number of和a large number of是考生經(jīng)常使用的兩個(gè)短語，前者表示“…的數(shù)量”，后者表示“大量的”。第一句句子中的主語是the number of students，“學(xué)生的數(shù)量”是單數(shù)的，所以謂語應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式has，而不是have. 又如：There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主語是a large number of advertisers，“大量的廣告商”是復(fù)數(shù)的，所以謂語應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式are，而不是is.

　　2. 謂語的表現(xiàn)形式

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.

　　Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.

　　第一句句子中l(wèi)ike to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是謂語動(dòng)詞，一般而言，兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞需要用連詞(如and或but)進(jìn)行連接，或者可以將like to watch TV變?yōu)閺木洌�如：Most students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定語從句).

　　第二句句子沒有謂語。句子中who find passion in sports是修飾children的“定語從句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which為引導(dǎo)的“非限定性定語從句”。整句句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是hold，而不應(yīng)該使用非謂語形式(holding)。在托福獨(dú)立寫作中，尤其要注意there be句型中“謂語的表現(xiàn)形式”，如：

　　There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.

　　因?yàn)閠here be句型中的be本身就是謂語成分，所以不能使用reflect，而應(yīng)改為：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定語從句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非謂語結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　3.謂語的語態(tài)

　　“語態(tài)”表現(xiàn)的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系，托福獨(dú)立寫作中主要使用“主動(dòng)語態(tài)”，不建議頻繁使用“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。

　　我們來看以下句子：

　　Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.

　　Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.

　　第一句句子中“避免最不喜歡的課程”動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是“孩子們”，因此是“主動(dòng)語態(tài)”;而他們“被”提供機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行選擇是“被動(dòng)”的。第二句句子中“電子書的內(nèi)容”和“將電子版本傳輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的設(shè)備之中”是“被動(dòng)”的關(guān)系，而學(xué)生“購買電子圖書”和“不管白天還是黑夜，可以第一時(shí)間收到這些圖書”都是“主動(dòng)”的關(guān)系。