16. Sociological studies have found that deeply hold values and principles are highly resistant to change.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：詞形.

　　分析：修飾名詞values應(yīng)當(dāng)用動詞的過去分詞，而hold是動詞原形.應(yīng)為held.

　　解題要點：分詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞.

　　17. For centuries large communities of people have living on houseboats in parts of the world where the climate is warm and the waters are calm.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：時態(tài).

　　分析：Have living是錯誤用法，應(yīng)為have been living、

　　18. Benjamin Franklin made the first bifocal spectacles for self by sawing the lenses of his eyeglasses in half.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：反身代詞/近義詞。

　　分析：self為名詞，意為“自我，本性”;此處應(yīng)用反身代詞himself指代主語Benjamin Franklin.

　　19. Not only do artificial reefs provide fish with food and shelter, they also serve as importantly underwater landmarks.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：詞性.

　　分析：修飾名詞landmarks應(yīng)用形容詞，而importantly是副詞.應(yīng)為important.

　　解題要點：當(dāng)劃線的是-ly結(jié)尾的副詞時，應(yīng)注意其是否錯用，是否應(yīng)為形容詞.

　　20. The United States Department of Agriculture supervises the quality, clean, and purity of meat.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：并列結(jié)構(gòu).

　　分析：關(guān)鍵詞是and，它所連接的部分應(yīng)同詞性、同形式.此處應(yīng)用名詞cleanness與quality和purity并列。

　　21. All birds, alike most reptiles and a few primitive mammals, develop from embryos in eggs outside the mother’s body.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：like和alike的用法。

　　分析：TOEFL題中，這兩個詞常見錯用.alike是形容詞或副詞，like才是介詞，可后接名詞.此處應(yīng)為like.

　　解題要點：題目中遇有劃線的alike，應(yīng)首先考慮它是否用錯.

　　22. The expansion of adult training programs has resulted partially from the feminist movement, which encouraging women to improve their skills for the job market.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：詞形.

　　分析：which是從句主語，其后接謂語動詞.encouraging不能單獨作謂語.應(yīng)為encourages.

　　23. The most significant cosmological characteristic of the galaxies are the red shift in their optical spectra.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：主謂數(shù)的一致.

　　分析：主語是單數(shù)的characteristic，系動詞也要用單數(shù)的is不用are.

　　24. James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of some works years after their completion.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：詞性。

　　分析：代詞his后接名詞性成份，而painted是動詞的形式。應(yīng)為paintings。

　　25. Duke Ellington’s orchestra, playing his original compositions and arrangements, achieving a fine unity of style and made numerous innovations in modern jazz.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：詞性/并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　分析：此句由and連接兩個并列的謂語部分，此處應(yīng)用achieved與made并列.

　　26. Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish light from dark.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：代詞數(shù)的一致.

　　分析：此處代詞所代為復(fù)數(shù)的Moles,因此也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)的their.

　　解題要點：代詞與其所指代的名詞數(shù)的不一致是TOEFL�？碱}型，改錯題中有劃線的代詞則應(yīng)首先考慮其單復(fù)數(shù)是否正確.

　　27. Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted, or intolerable sound. 答案：B

　　測試點：習(xí)語。

　　分析：Refer to是固定的短語，不用toward。

　　28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a completely female medical staff. 答案：C

　　測試點：主謂數(shù)的一致.

　　分析：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞an institution，從句主語that指代單數(shù)的Institution，故其謂語也應(yīng)用動詞的單數(shù)形式.have應(yīng)為has.

　　29. Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist of disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge’s orders.

　　答案：D

　　測試點：詞性/并列結(jié)構(gòu).

　　分析：連詞or所連接的成份應(yīng)同詞性、同形式.句中or前后均是名詞，固此，(D)disrespectful應(yīng)為disrespect.

　　解題要點：or與and一樣，當(dāng)連接兩項或兩項以上并列成分時，應(yīng)注意相連各項是否相等。

　　30. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods of portray reality. 答案：C

　　測試點：詞形.

　　分析：of要求后接名詞性的成份作其賓語，而portray是動詞.應(yīng)用動名詞portraying.

　　31. During the 1600’s skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the United States. 答案：C

　　測試點：詞序.

　　分析：形容詞scarce應(yīng)置于系詞were的后面，作表語.

　　32. If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms. 答案：A

　　測試點：冠詞.

　　分析：a和an的用法atom是以元音開頭的名詞，前面冠詞要用an而不用a.

　　解題要點：注意劃線的冠詞a或an是否用錯.

　　33. The National Education Association conduct extensive research on a great many aspects of education.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：主謂數(shù)的一致。

　　分析：主語Association為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。應(yīng)為conducts。

　　34. The pain-killing agent most commonly administered in dentistry is the local anesthetic, who produces loss of feeling only in a specific area.

　　答案：C

　　測試點：從句連接詞who和which的用法.

　　分析：定語從句修飾說明anesthetic(麻醉劑)，作主語的關(guān)系代詞，指代的是物不是人，不能用who.應(yīng)為which.

　　解題要點：who/which混淆用錯的題型在TOEFL考題中很常見.遇到這兩個關(guān)系代詞劃線時，應(yīng)務(wù)必認(rèn)清它所限定的先行詞是人還是物.

　　35. Certain types of computers work properly only in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. 答案：D

　　測試點：詞序.

　　分析：分詞作定語時，與其所修飾的名詞之間不要加入副詞.應(yīng)為precisely controlled(temperature)。

　　36. The gorilla, while not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem.

　　答案：B

　　測試點：as…as…的用法.

　　分析：看到句中的as，應(yīng)立即注意后面的即是否缺失.than應(yīng)為as.

　　解題要點：連詞as與than本毫無關(guān)系，詞意也不相同，但TOEFL考題中競有幾次把二者混淆錯用.應(yīng)注意劃線的as或than.

　　37. The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans.

　　答案：A

　　測試點：主謂數(shù)的一致.

　　分析：主語為單數(shù)的belief，謂語也要用單數(shù)的動詞形式.have應(yīng)為has.

　　38. Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. 答案：D

　　測試點：名詞的數(shù).

　　分析：名詞作定語時，應(yīng)用其單數(shù)形式，不加s.此處應(yīng)用color修飾effects.

　　39. Salt Lake City, Utah’s capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center. 答案：C 測試點：冠詞。

　　分析：名詞center前缺冠詞。應(yīng)為is an industrial(…center)。

　　40. A rat’s sharp teeth can gnaw through wood, plaster, or soft metallic such as lead. 答案：D