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      Often conjuring images of dank, smelly, mosquito-infested wastelands, upon closer look,
      
						
      
							來源：焚題庫(kù) [2022-02-23] 【大 中 小】
							
      
							
							
						
      
					
      
					
      
						
      
							
      
							
      
								
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        共享題干題【2018年真題】Often conjuring images of dank, smelly, mosquito-infested wastelands, upon closer look, wetlands are actually biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. Home to a variety of plant life, including floating pond lilies, cattails, cypress, tamarack, and blue spruce, wetlands support diverse communities of invertebrates, which in turn support a wide variety of birds and other vertebrates. Primary consumers from crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic insect larvae to muskrats, geese, and deer rely on the abundance of algae, plants, and detritus for food. Wetlands also support a variety of carnivores, including dragonflies, otters,alligators, and osprey. Thus, wetlands of the world maintain biologically diverse communities of ecological and economic value. 
         Many ecologically and economically important species call wetlands home for at least part of their lives. For instance, commercially important fish and shellfish, including shrimp,blue crab, oysters, salmon, trout, and seatrout rely on, or are associated with, wetlands.Wetlands are also critical habitat for migratory birds and waterfowl, including ducks, egrets,and geese. In fact, more than one-third of the species listed as threatened or endangered in the United States live solely in wetlands and nearly half use wetlands at some point in their lives. As such, many wetlands are often recognized as important conservation or restoration targets. 
         While covering only six percent of the Earth's surface, wetlands provide a disproportionately high number of ecosystem services, in addition to maintaining biodiversity. For instance, wetlands also mitigate floods, protect coastal areas from storms,improve water quality, recharge groundwater aquifers, serve as sinks, sources, or transformers of materials, and produce food and goods for human use. When evaluating the economic value of these various functions, scientists concluded that the economic value provided by wetland ecosystems exceeded that provided by lakes, streams, forests, and grasslands and was second only to that provided by coastal estuaries. 
         With mitigation, wetlands are created, restored, or enhanced to replace wetland loss due to development. The Ramsar Convention, an international treaty aimed at conserving wetlands, requires member countries to develop national wetland policies, to establish wetland reserves, and to designate one or more wetlands as an area of international importance. All these efforts are designed to protect or conserve wetlands and the ecosystem services they provide. 
         In coastal wetlands, tidal influence drives the movement and distribution of water and can range from permanent flooding in subtidal wetlands to less frequent flooding in others, with changes in water level occurring daily or semi-daily. Inland wetlands, which lack daily tidal influences, can also be permanently flooded on one extreme or intermittently flooded on the other extreme, with fluctuations over time often occurring seasonally. It is the balance of water inflows and outflows, or the water budget, as well as the geomorphology and soils that determine the timing，duration, and patterns of flooding in a wetland. 

         
        單選題第1題According to the passage, a wetland is a/an______. 
        A.economy
        B.ecosystem
        C.community
        D.wasteland
        參考答案：B
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。分析第1段第1句主干可知wetlands are...ecosystem，故選B。 



         
        單選題第2題Of all the following, only a______is a vertebrate. 
        A.lily
        B.goose
        C.spruce
        D.mollusk
        參考答案：B
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：推斷題。本題可通過上下文的線索判斷。從第1段第2句的介紹可知lily和spruce是植物，濕地的植物滋養(yǎng)多種無脊椎動(dòng)物，從而為脊椎動(dòng)物提供食物，由第3句中from...to...一可知是由低級(jí)到高級(jí)的介紹，由此可判斷to后出現(xiàn)的geese為處于食物鏈高端的脊椎動(dòng)物。故選B。 



         
        單選題第3題A dragonfly is a carnivore because its menu includes ______. 
        A.insects
        B.cattails
        C.muskrats
        D.seatrouts
        參考答案：A
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：常識(shí)題。 carnivore是指食肉動(dòng)物、食蟲動(dòng)物。通過常識(shí)判斷蠟蜒是以昆蟲為食。故選A。 



         
        單選題第4題Wetlands are______for waterfowl and migratory birds. 
        A.important home
        B.perilous territory
        C.warm sanctuaries
        D.occasional shelters
        參考答案：A
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A與第2段第3句中的critical habitat為同義表達(dá)，故選A。 



         
        單選題第5題Shrimps and crabs are mentioned in the text for their ______. 
        A.biological undertone
        B.economic importance
        C.conservational value
        D.environmental significance
        參考答案：B
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第2段第2句中commercially important fish and shellfish的同義表達(dá)為economic importance，故選B。 



         
        單選題第6題Benefits of a wetland include ______. 
        A.protection of boundary
        B.transfusion of materials
        C.alleviation of floods
        D.impairment of biodiversity
        參考答案：C
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。注意鎖定同義表達(dá)。第3段第1句中ecosystem service等于benefits:第2句具體例證濕地的好處，其中mitigate floods與alleviation of floods對(duì)等。故選C。 



         
        單選題第7題Of all the ecosystem services wetlands provide, the most important one is ______. 
        A.producing food for humans
        B.maintenance of biodiversity
        C.improvement of water quality
        D.refilling groundwater reservoirs
        參考答案：B
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：推斷題。第3段第1句中in addition to引出濕地最重要的功能（維持生物多樣性），除此以外濕地還提供了許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，比如改善水質(zhì)、補(bǔ)給地下水含水層、為人類提供食物等，因此A、 C、 D為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)排除。故選B。 



         
        單選題第8題The last paragraph denotes______the entire passage. 
        A.a trivial supplement for
        B.an obvious digression from
        C.an underlining summary of
        D.a pertinent development to
        參考答案：D
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：推斷題。本文第3段闡述了濕地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能所產(chǎn)生的價(jià)值，第4段提出保護(hù)濕地及其生態(tài)服務(wù)功能，最后一段在此基礎(chǔ)上分別闡述了沿海濕地和內(nèi)陸濕地洪水的特點(diǎn)，是對(duì)前文提到的濕地對(duì)水的調(diào)節(jié)功能的進(jìn)一步闡釋，故選D。 



         
        單選題第9題Twice in the excerpt the word “home” is used as a literary device called ______. 
        A.pun
        B.simile
        C.metaphor
        D.personification
        參考答案：C
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：修辭題。 home一詞分別出現(xiàn)在第1段第2句和第2段第1句，均是把濕地比作各種生物的家園。此處使用的修辭手法是比喻。故選co 



         
        單選題第10題The tone of this passage can be described as ______ . 
        A.neutral and scholarly
        B.upbeat and enthusiastic
        C.balanced and optimistic
        D.satirical and level-headed
        參考答案：A
        登錄查看解析 進(jìn)入題庫(kù)練習(xí)
        答案解析：態(tài)度題。本文用中立、學(xué)術(shù)的語氣為我們介紹了濕地的功能和價(jià)值，提出了保護(hù)濕地的重要性，通篇沒有褒貶，只是客觀陳述，故選A。 

          
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