1. What do both theories assume to be true?

　　[ A ] That new material is continually being formed.

　　[ B ] That，in time，the universe will contract

　　[ C ] That the universe is expanding at present.

　　[ D ] That “a big bang” started the expansion.

　　2. According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed _______。

　　[ A ] during a pause in the expansion of the universe

　　[ B ] at the time of the primeval explosion

　　[ C ] and will continue to form for ever

　　[ D ] when all the matter in the universe was all concentrated in one small mass

　　3. What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?

　　[ A ] It concerns the place and time of the formation of matter.

　　[ B ] It is whether the universe will continue to expand or not.

　　[ C ] It is the current state of the universe.

　　[ D ] The variations on evolutionary theories cause the difference.

　　4. According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge, _______。

　　[ A ] the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggested

　　[ B ] it is hard to see how matter could be formed in this way

　　[ C ] the expansion of the universe is not a real one

　　[ D ] new material is continually being created

　　5. We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because _______。

　　[ A ] they were closer together then

　　[ B ] the universe has always looked as the same

　　[ C ] their light takes so long to reach us

　　[ D ] they have travelled such a long way

　　本文探討了關(guān)于宇宙形成的兩種對立理論，一種是演化理論，一種是常態(tài)理論。演化理論認(rèn)為宇宙中的所有物質(zhì)原本集中于一個小團內(nèi)，后來發(fā)生爆炸，散發(fā)出其物質(zhì)，當(dāng)爆炸慢下來時，便形成了穩(wěn)態(tài)和星系。這種理論認(rèn)為宇宙于一個時刻在一點形成，形成之后就不斷膨脹。有些宇宙學(xué)家認(rèn)為宇宙將膨脹到極點，再收縮到一點，再膨脹，不斷輪回。而常態(tài)理論認(rèn)為宇宙永遠(yuǎn)保持不變，將來也不會有任何變化，新物質(zhì)形成代替舊物質(zhì)，使宇宙保持永恒。觀測證據(jù)支持了演化理論，駁斥了常態(tài)理論。

　　答案及解析

　　1.A【解析】由全文對兩種理論對比看，B、C、D均不是兩種理論共有

　　的論點，只有A是。

　　2.B 【解析】由第一段中的“This primeval atom exploded for...at which time the galaxies formed.”可知。

　　3.B 【解析】由第一段最后一句“However，basically，evolutionary theories take it that…h(huán)as been expanding ever since.”可知，兩種理論的根本區(qū)別在于對“宇宙是否會繼續(xù)膨脹?”這一問題的不同看法。

　　4.D 【解析】由短文第三段可知，劍橋的Hoyle和他的朋友認(rèn)為，新物質(zhì)一直在被創(chuàng)造。

　　5.C【解析】由短文第四段中的“Since the very distant galaxies are thou—sands of millions of light years away，then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years a90.”可知。